{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:53:19Z","timestamp":1781844799851,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DN 13\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN 13\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Research Fund at the Medical University of Varna","award":["No. 17022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 17022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is associated with chronic inflammation, platelet-related alterations, and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). The relationships between adipokines and platelet indices in long-standing T1D remain incompletely defined. Objective: To explore the relationships between adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), platelet indices, and inflammatory status in adults with long-standing T1D. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 124 adults with long-standing T1D and 59 non-diabetic controls. Platelet indices were obtained from automated blood count, and serum leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADNC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using standardized assays. Associations were evaluated using correlation and multivariable regression analyses with adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Results: Platelet count (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) were higher in T1D compared with non-diabetic individuals (p = 0.003 for both), while mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) showed non-significant upward trends. ADNC levels were higher in T1D (p &lt; 0.001), whereas LEP and the leptin\u2013adiponectin ratio (LAR) did not differ between groups. In T1D, LEP correlated with PLT (rho = 0.235), PCT (rho = 0.263), and CRP (rho = 0.474), all p &lt; 0.05. Similar associations were observed for LAR. No significant associations were found in non-diabetic controls. In multivariable analyses, PCT remained associated with LEP in T1D after adjustment for BMI, whereas in the control group, LEP was associated with BMI only. Conclusions: LEP and platelet-related indices were associated in individuals with long-standing T1D, whereas ADNC showed no such relationships. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of adipokine\u2013platelet associations in long-standing T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15124618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1781513878000},"page":"4618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Platelet Indices and Adipokines in Adults with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gergana","family":"Chausheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevim","family":"Shefket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Bocheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaloyan","family":"Tsochev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Chalakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4228-3152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalya","family":"Usheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Health Care, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoto","family":"Yotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4160-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Iotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.30714\/j-ebr.2019250352","article-title":"Platelet indices in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Inanir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. 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