{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:48:26Z","timestamp":1782449306415,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) provide detailed measurements of retinal structure and vasculature; however, age-related differences in how these parameters correlate with one another remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that vascular\u2013structural integration in the macula is more pronounced in adults than in children. Our aim was to characterize correlation patterns in pediatric and adult populations to inform the development of age-specific clinical interpretation guidelines. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study enrolled 37 healthy children (age 1\u201317 years) and 28 healthy adults (age 18\u201365 years). Eyes with ocular or systemic conditions affecting the retina or prior intraocular surgery were excluded. Standardized OCT and OCT-A acquisition protocols provided structural and vascular measures. Univariable correlation analyses applied a stringent threshold (p &lt; 0.001) to identify robust associations. Significant univariable results were entered into multivariable regression models adjusting for age, gender, intraocular pressure, and axial length. A Group-wise Linkage Proportion quantified the percentage of potential significant correlations among eight predefined anatomical parameter groups. Results: Ninety univariable correlations met p &lt; 0.001. Fourteen correlations were shared across age groups, notably foveal avascular zone metrics and vessel density, showing very large negative correlations (r = \u22120.70 to \u22120.87). The pediatric cohort displayed 40 unique correlations, primarily linking optic nerve head flow indices to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Adults exhibited 36 unique correlations, dominated by macular vascular\u2013thickness coupling concentrated in the parafoveal region. After multivariable adjustment, 52 of 90 associations remained significant. Adult-specific associations lost significance more frequently (58%) than pediatric-specific associations (43%), whereas correlations shared across both groups showed complete stability (100%). The Group-wise Linkage Proportion indicated pronounced macular vascular\u2013structural coupling in adults (48.4%) versus near absence in children (1.2%). Conclusions: Retinal parameter correlation patterns show fundamental differences between pediatric and adult eyes. While optic nerve head-macular thickness relationships remain consistent across ages, adults exhibit mature, localized integration of macular vascular and structural parameters absent in children. These findings suggest that pediatric and adult OCT\/OCT-A measurements may benefit from separate reference standards, although prospective validation is required before clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15124778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1781874244000},"page":"4778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-Dependent Retinal Parameter Correlation Patterns on OCT and OCT Angiography in Children and Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Lommatzsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus-Hospital Muenster, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Capucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus-Hospital Muenster, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaantje","family":"Grisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2814-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus-Hospital Muenster, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Rothaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus-Hospital Muenster, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230212","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2024.230212","article-title":"Large-Field Objective Lens for Multi-Wavelength Microscopy at Mesoscale and Submicron Resolution","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. 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