{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:07:10Z","timestamp":1793138830032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for type 2 diabetes and obesity treatment and may influence reward-related behaviors, including alcohol use. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs on alcohol consumption and related outcomes in adults with alcohol use or alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), secondary analyses of RCTs, and observational studies reporting quantitative alcohol consumption outcomes. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2 and ROBINS-I) were performed independently by two reviewers. Results: Five studies (n = 49,892) were included, comprising three RCT-based analyses and one large cohort study. Semaglutide and dulaglutide were associated with modest reductions in alcohol consumption and craving in several studies, with statistically significant improvements in selected behavioral outcomes. In contrast, exenatide did not demonstrate significant effects in the overall AUD population, with signals limited to subgroups. The cohort study showed small but statistically significant reductions in AUDIT-C scores following GLP-1RA initiation. Objective measures (e.g., PEth, breath alcohol concentration) showed reductions in selected contexts but were reported in a few studies. Conclusions: GLP-1RAs may be associated with modest reductions in alcohol consumption, but evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to define their role in the management of AUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15124781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1781874244000},"page":"4781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Alcohol Use Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim K.","family":"Altami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8607-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyad A.","family":"Alabdulrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamah M.","family":"Alfayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e019562","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019562","article-title":"Does glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist stimulation reduce alcohol intake in patients with alcohol dependence: Study protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Antonsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789","article-title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"82","author":"Hendershot","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70169","article-title":"Relative efficacy of GLP -1 and GLP -1\/GIP receptor agonists in the prevention of alcohol-use disorders using a target trial emulation approach","volume":"28","author":"Henney","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. 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Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16453","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and alcohol use disorders: An emerging unexpected beneficial effect","volume":"27","author":"Scheen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/12\/4781\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:13:24Z","timestamp":1782447204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/12\/4781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15124781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15124781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]}}}