{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1782970292867,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persisting ethnic disparities in pre-eclampsia (PE), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and maternal mortality call for a paradigm shift in how ethnicity is understood as a risk factor for PE. Starting from a migrant perspective, we argue that the transgenerational experience of maternal stress within shared, yet dynamic ecosocial contexts can be linked to core pathophysiological features of PE. A growing body of evidence suggests how a vicious cycle of chronic maternal stress, cardiovascular dysfunction, placental ER stress, and endothelial dysfunction may serve as a catalyst for the transmission of altered cardiovascular and neuro-endocrine stress reactivity patterns across generations, with a seemingly important role for foetal programming and epigenetics. As these alterations in stress reactivity patterns have in turn been associated with an increased risk of PE and CVD later in life, the resulting transgenerational chain reaction may ultimately allow for ethnic disparities in PE to be traced back to historic, stressful moments in the shared ecosocial contexts of ethnic minority women. Reconceptualising ethnicity as a proxy for the stratified and embodied experience of transgenerational maternal stress within its unique ecosocial contexts, rather than a stand-alone, non-modifiable risk factor, will therefore open new directions for future research, clinical care, and policy interventions aimed at advancing maternal health equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15134882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"4882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Stress and Ethnic Disparities in Pre-Eclampsia: The Significance of a Migrant Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bavo","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidvine","family":"Ngonseu Harpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Van Berendoncks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilmar","family":"Bijma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division Obstetrics and Foetal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, 3512 HD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Maternal Cardiology Society, 9 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HW, UK"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Services, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 Hospital Foundation Trust, Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Mannaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group ASTARC, Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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