{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:45:52Z","timestamp":1782459952596,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The type of anesthesia in patients with acute stroke is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of anesthesia management on clinical outcomes in patients with anterior circulation stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: In this observational, retrospective study, patients with acute anterior circulation stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between January 2021 and March 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into groups according to the type of anesthesia administered. Functional independence was assessed at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale. A TICI of 2b or higher was defined as successful reperfusion. In the conscious sedation (CS) and general anesthesia (GA) groups, patients were analyzed based on baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes using Propensity Score Matching. Results: In the propensity score-matched cohort, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of good functional outcome (mRS \u2264 2) (p = 0.82). When compared by successful reperfusion rate (TICI 2b or higher), it was significantly higher in the GA group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: In this study, the use of GA resulted in higher recanalization rates in patients with anterior circulation stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. However, no differences were observed between the GA and CS groups in terms of functional outcomes, mortality, or peri-procedural\/post-procedural complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15134916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:48:16Z","timestamp":1782366496000},"page":"4916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Anesthesia Modality on Clinical Outcomes in Anterior Circulation Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"\u00c7etiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5181-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Akca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0486-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6n\u00fcl","family":"Akda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse","family":"Kozlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, K\u00fctahya Evliya \u00c7elebi Training and Research Hospital, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhamit","family":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, K\u00fctahya Evliya \u00c7elebi Training and Research Hospital, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1872-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esma","family":"A\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, \u0130zmir 35000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, K\u00fctahya Evliya \u00c7elebi Training and Research Hospital, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahri","family":"\u015een","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, K\u00fctahya Evliya \u00c7elebi Training and Research Hospital, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8002-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurullah","family":"Aydo\u011fdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya 43000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23192","article-title":"Acute Ischemic Stroke: Management Approach","volume":"23","author":"Chugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70089-5","article-title":"Global and Regional Burden of First-Ever Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke during 1990\u20132010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"1","author":"Krishnamurthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199221140276","article-title":"Intravenous Thrombolysis Plus Mechanical Thrombectomy versus Mechanical Thrombectomy Alone for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials","volume":"30","author":"Elfil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interv. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2017.01.126","article-title":"Endovascular Thrombectomy and Medical Therapy versus Medical Therapy Alone in Acute Stroke: A Randomized Care Trial","volume":"44","author":"Khoury","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.06.082","article-title":"Earlier Endovascular Thrombectomy and Mortality in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry","volume":"189","author":"Matsukawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11455","article-title":"Association of General Anesthesia vs Procedural Sedation with Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"322","author":"Simonsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15586","article-title":"Anaesthesia for Mechanical Thrombectomy","volume":"77","author":"Dinsmore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9638-0","article-title":"Increased Rate of Aspiration Pneumonia and Poor Discharge Outcome Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Following Intubation for Endovascular Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2020-015916","article-title":"Local Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia during Endovascular Therapy for Acute Stroke: A Propensity Score Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Pop","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595447","article-title":"General or Local Anesthesia During Endovascular Procedures: Sailing Quiet in the Darkness or Fast Under a Daylight Storm","volume":"41","author":"Molina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02481-8","article-title":"General Anesthesia or Conscious Sedation for Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Geraldini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207066","article-title":"General Anesthesia Compared with Non-GA in Endovascular Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"100","author":"Campbell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804656","article-title":"Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"359","author":"Hacke","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of Subtype of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Definitions for Use in a Multicenter Clinical Trial. TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000082721.62796.09","article-title":"Trial Design and Reporting Standards for Intra-Arterial Cerebral Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"34","author":"Higashida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Consensus Report for the Diagnosis and Management of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults","volume":"19","author":"Bacakoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk. Thorac. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000642","article-title":"Site of Occlusion May Influence Decision to Perform Thrombectomy Under General Anesthesia or Conscious Sedation","volume":"33","author":"Steinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004045","article-title":"Anesthetic Management of Emergency Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke, Part 2: Integrating and Applying Observational Reports and Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"128","author":"Hindman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.256","article-title":"Outcomes of General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation in Endovascular Treatment for Stroke","volume":"43","author":"Just","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002976","article-title":"MR CLEAN Investigators. The Effect of Anesthetic Management During Intra-Arterial Therapy for Acute Stroke in MR CLEAN","volume":"87","author":"Berkhemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008674","article-title":"Anesthetic Management during Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the MR CLEAN Registry","volume":"94","author":"Goldhoorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16623","article-title":"Effect of Conscious Sedation vs General Anesthesia on Early Neurological Improvement Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"316","author":"Uhlmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016554","article-title":"General Anesthesia Versus Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: The AnStroke Trial (Anesthesia During Stroke)","volume":"48","author":"Rentzos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","article-title":"Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"50","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Turkish Neurological Society Stroke Study Group (2020). Acute Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline 2020, Turkish Neurological Society."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning, N.W., Warne, C.D., and Meyers, P.M. (2018). Reperfusion and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Stent-Retriever-Based, Early Window Endovascular Stroke Trials. Front. Neurol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00301"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-011867","article-title":"Hemodynamics during Anesthesia for Intra-Arterial Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"8","author":"Jagani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Kim, B.J., Han, M.K., Park, T.H., Lee, K.B., Lee, B.C., Yu, K.-H., Oh, M.S., Cha, J.K., and Kim, D.-H. (2019). Futile Reperfusion and Predicted Therapeutic Benefits after Successful Endovascular Treatment According to Initial Stroke Severity. BMC Neurol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1237-2"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015247","article-title":"A 10% Blood Pressure Drop from Baseline During Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke Is Strongly Associated with Worse Neurological Outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Valent","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.595256","article-title":"Collateral Flow Predicts Response to Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"42","author":"Bang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000042","article-title":"Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care Expert Consensus Statement: Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Endorsed by the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery and the Neurocritical Care Society","volume":"26","author":"Talke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wi\u0105cek, M., Tomaszewska-Lampart, I., Dziedzic, M., Kaczorowska, A., and Bartosik-Psujek, H. (2024). Association between Transient-Continuous Hypotension during Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Final Infarct Volume in Patients with Proximal Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133707"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Luo, W., Yan, Z., and Zhang, H. (2023). The Effect of General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation in Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Trial Sequential Analysis. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1291211"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Tan, X., Wu, X., Li, J., Wang, S., Qu, R., Qu, R., Chu, T., Chen, Z., and Liu, J. (2023). The Efficacy and Safety of General Anesthesia vs. Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1291730"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000503779","article-title":"Effect of General Anaesthesia versus Conscious Sedation on Clinical and Procedural Outcome in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Matched-Pair Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Rohde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008699","article-title":"Type of Anesthesia and Differences in Clinical Outcome after Intra-Arterial Treatment for Ischemic Stroke","volume":"46","author":"Koelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003412","article-title":"Republished: Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care Expert Consensus Statement: Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"45","author":"Talke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/13\/4916\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:47:29Z","timestamp":1782456449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/13\/4916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15134916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15134916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]}}}