{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:15:30Z","timestamp":1783347330518,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cervical radiculopathy is a frequent cause of pain, often leading to disability, reduced quality of life, and significant healthcare utilization. Cervical epidural steroid injections are widely used, though safety concerns have been reported. Ultrasound-guided cervical retrolaminar block (RLCB) is a potential alternative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical trajectory after ultrasound-guided cervical retrolaminar block, including pain outcomes, patient-reported improvement, and the rate of subsequent cervical spine surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis that was conducted at the Pain and Spine Surgery units in a single center. We included 121 patients with cervical radiculopathy treated between January 2020 and September 2022 (mean age 49.4 \u00b1 11.1 years; 51.2% male). All patients underwent RLCB. s: Primary outcome measures were subsequent cervical decompressive surgery and composite pain response (\u22652-point absolute and \u226550% relative NRS reduction). Secondary outcome measures included recurrence, analgesic use, global rating of change (GRC), satisfaction, willingness to repeat, and safety. Baseline data was extracted from records; structured follow-up interviews were conducted at two years. Results: At two years, 9.1% required surgery, and 57.9% achieved composite pain response; 74.4% reported \u22652-point NRS reduction. GRC scores showed improvement (mean 5.0 \u00b1 3.4), with 37% reporting \u201cvery much better.\u201d Satisfaction was high, with 70.2% willing to repeat. Pain recurred in 71.1% but persisted in 28.9%. No major complications occurred; minor events were reported in 6.6%. Outcomes were less favorable in patients with pre-injection pain duration \u22651 year. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, cervical RLCB was associated with sustained patient-reported improvement, high satisfaction, and a 9.1% observed subsequent surgery rate at two years. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in prospective controlled studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15134965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:49:23Z","timestamp":1782434963000},"page":"4965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Retrolaminar Block in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Uri","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Orthopedic Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisam","family":"Zbede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2603-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Orthopedic Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0804-7244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"de Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Chronic, Hospital Quir\u00f3nsalud de Tenerife, 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviu","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-879X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morsi","family":"Khashan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Spine Surgery Unit, Neurosurgical Department, Orthopedic Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Founder Building, 5th Floor, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31820d77ea","article-title":"Incidence and epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy in the United States military: 2000 to 2009","volume":"25","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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