{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:46:49Z","timestamp":1782784009725,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for diabetes and weight loss, with many breast reconstruction candidates being prescribed these medications. However, perioperative risks remain unclear. This study evaluated the association between GLP-1RA use and postoperative complications in implant-based and autologous tissue breast reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective analysis of TriNetX identified patients undergoing implant-based or autologous tissue breast reconstruction. Preoperative GLP-1RA users were compared to matched controls. Patients were propensity score matched (1:1 and 1:3) for demographics and comorbidities including body-mass index and timing of reconstruction (delayed vs. immediate). Ninety-day outcomes were assessed using logistic regression. Results: Between 2014 and 2024, 57,987 patients were identified, of which 823 were GLP-1RA users. Of those users, 326 patients undergoing implant-based reconstruction and 51 patients undergoing autologous reconstruction were matched to controls. In implant-based cohorts, GLP-1RA use was associated with increased odds of implant failure (1:1 OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18\u20132.45, p = 0.0046), wound healing complications (1:1 OR 1.90, p = 0.027), and higher readmission\/ED utilization (1:1 OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04\u20133.21, p = 0.040). No significant differences were observed for hematoma, seroma, or thromboembolism. In autologous reconstruction, GLP-1RA use was not associated with increased risks. Conclusions: GLP-1RA use is linked to higher rates of implant failure, wound healing complications, and readmission in implant-based breast reconstruction only. These findings highlight the need for risk stratification and counseling of GLP-1RA users undergoing implant-based procedures and for further research investigating the implications of perioperative use of these agents in plastic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1782780911000},"page":"5042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A Large-Database Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal F.","family":"Hamzeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0052-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Orear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markos","family":"Mardourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson","family":"Keeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie G.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Winocour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kokosis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Mathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christodoulos","family":"Kaoutzanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. 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