{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:46:52Z","timestamp":1782784012330,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutritional status is a pivotal determinant of health and longevity in ageing populations. Malnutrition, overnutrition, and sarcopenic obesity are increasingly recognised as key modifiers of CV risk in older adults. Beyond caloric imbalance, age-related metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory changes profoundly influence CV structure and function. Both nutrient deficiency and excess contribute to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, core mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, heart failure, and frailty. This review analyses the complex interplay between nutrition and cardiovascular diseases in older adults, outlining physiological mechanisms, diagnostic tools for nutritional assessment, and evidence-based dietary strategies aimed at prevention and management. Particular attention is given to the challenges of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and altered body composition that shape nutritional care in geriatric cardiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1782780911000},"page":"5064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: Clinical Perspectives from Mechanisms to Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Parrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Koelliker Hospital, 10134 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo Massimiliano","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Santa Maria Degli Ungheresi Hospital, Polistena, 89024 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Luc\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Massimo","family":"Gulizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ceravolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Gelsomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiothoracic Department, Maastricht University Hospital, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ingianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiologic District, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Trapani, 91016 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina Patrizia","family":"Ceruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clementina Silvia","family":"Iann\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, N. Giannettasio Hospital, 87064 Rossano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ferr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Cetraro-Paola Hospital, 87027 Paola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-0579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Bilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Arzignano Hospital, 36071 Arzignano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0092-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Geraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Sant\u2019Antonio Abate Hospital, Erice, 91016 Trapani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9459-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Santo Spirito Hospital, Casale Monferrato, 15033 Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9347-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, General Regional Hospital \u201cF. Miulli\u201d, Acquaviva Delle Fonti, 70021 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of an interdisciplinary intervention in geriatric inpatients to prevent malnutrition","volume":"8","author":"Rypkema","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215512445396","article-title":"Oral nutritional support of older (65 years+) medical and surgical patients after discharge from hospital: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Beck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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