{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:16:35Z","timestamp":1783005395916,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Restricted tongue mobility may require lingual frenotomy; postoperative scarring can cause secondary restriction, making rehabilitation relevant. We evaluated tongue mobility and pressure after frenotomy with adjunctive myofascial rehabilitation, and their association with adherence. Methods: This retrospective observational longitudinal study analyzed anonymized records of 64 patients aged 5\u201346 years treated between 2021 and 2024. All underwent frenotomy followed by a structured Myofascial Release Technique (MRT) protocol. Tongue mobility (Tongue Elevation at Maximal Mouth Opening, TEMMO) and tongue pressure (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, IOPI) were assessed at baseline and at up to four follow-up visits (\u224815 months). Adherence was classified retrospectively as high (\u22653 home MRT sessions\/week) or low. Results: Among V4 completers (n = 30), mean IOPI increased from 35.4 to 49.0 kPa and mean TEMMO improved from 3.1 to 1.4; 66.7% achieved TEMMO grade 1. Higher adherence was associated with better final tongue pressure (52.7 vs. 43.5 kPa; mean difference, 9.2 kPa; 95% CI, 0.8\u201317.6; p = 0.032). No postoperative complications were documented. Conclusions: Lingual frenotomy with adjunctive MRT-based rehabilitation was associated with favorable tongue-function changes and better adherence with better long-term outcomes among completers. Prospective controlled studies are needed to clarify the contributions of surgery, rehabilitation, and adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:43:14Z","timestamp":1783003394000},"page":"5171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Objective Tongue-Function Outcomes After Lingual Frenotomy with Adjunctive Myofascial Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Observational Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika Izabela","family":"O\u015bko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Odonto-Stomatology Department, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Rz\u0105dzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arleta","family":"Czuchryta-Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Therapy Program, Faculty of Pedagogy, DSW Ideis University, 53-611 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Mikulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Manzanares C\u00e9spedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Department, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meritxell","family":"S\u00e1nchez Molins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Odonto-Stomatology Department, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(02)00307-3","article-title":"Taste development: Differential growth rates of tongue regions in humans","volume":"135","author":"Temple","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. 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