{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T12:20:32Z","timestamp":1783081232894,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To assess the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and selected genitourinary pathogens and to examine their co-detection patterns in sexually active adolescent females. Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, 167 consecutive outpatients aged 13\u201317 years with self-reported sexual initiation underwent multi-pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for hrHPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Ureaplasma parvum (UP), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Prevalence estimates are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations with hrHPV positivity were explored using univariable and parsimonious multivariable logistic regression; sensitivity analyses examined alternative age parameterization and exclusion of sparse variables. Results: The prevalence of hrHPV was 28.1% (47\/167; 95% CI: 21.5\u201335.6). The prevalence of CT, UU, UP, and MG was 3.0%, 28.1%, 25.1%, and 0.6%, respectively. Any bacterial pathogen was detected in 61\/167 participants (36.5%), while hrHPV\u2013bacterial co-detection was observed in 24\/167 (14.4%). In univariable analysis, UU was associated with hrHPV positivity (OR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.24\u20135.24; p = 0.013); this signal remained in the primary multivariable model (adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.07\u20135.93; p = 0.035). A graded increase in hrHPV positivity was observed with increasing bacterial burden (p for trend = 0.018). Conclusions: Sexually active adolescent girls attending gynecologic outpatient care showed a substantial burden of hrHPV and bacterial genitourinary pathogen detection. This Central and Eastern European adolescent outpatient cohort contributes integrated multi-pathogen PCR-based epidemiologic data from a clinically relevant and underreported population. An exploratory association between UU and hrHPV positivity was observed; this signal is best interpreted as reflecting shared sexual exposure or the cervicovaginal microbial milieu rather than as evidence of an independent causal role for UU. The absence of vaccination status, behavioral, and longitudinal data represents a principal limitation. Prospective studies incorporating these variables are needed to clarify the epidemiology of hrHPV and co-detected pathogens in adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:34:11Z","timestamp":1783071251000},"page":"5209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Genitourinary Co-Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in Sexually Active Adolescent Females: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Krzyscin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4019-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Przepiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0264-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"\u0141agunowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8114-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Pietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2056-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8610-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Soko\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Brodowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Sowi\u0144ska-Przepiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Individual Laboratory for Endocrine Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2537","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2537","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus Infection: Epidemiology, Biology, Host Interactions, Cancer Development, Prevention, and Therapeutics","volume":"34","author":"Wolf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. 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