{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:30:44Z","timestamp":1793136644305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Contemporary patient-specific subperiosteal implants have re-emerged as graftless solutions for oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation, driven by advances in digital planning, CAD\/CAM workflows, additive manufacturing, and biomaterial engineering. Their indications have progressively expanded from severely atrophic edentulous jaws to segmental defects, single-tooth replacement, congenital craniofacial anomalies, salvage situations, and oncologic reconstruction. This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on modern patient-specific subperiosteal implants, focusing on indications, workflow, design principles, materials, outcomes, complications, and maintenance. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR principles to identify clinical studies, case series, case reports, systematic and scoping reviews, technical notes, finite element analyses, in vitro studies, and relevant translational investigations dealing with contemporary custom-made or CAD\/CAM subperiosteal implants. The evidence was narratively synthesized according to clinical indication and thematic domains, including full-arch rehabilitation, sectional and single-tooth applications, congenital and post-oncologic defects, rescue indications, biomechanics, material selection, surface response, prosthetic protocols, and complication management. No quantitative meta-analysis was performed because of the scoping design and the substantial heterogeneity of study types, indications, implant systems, outcome definitions, and follow-up durations. Results: The final evidence map included 116 records, of which 56 were unique human clinical records with extractable denominators and 60 were biomechanical, in vitro, surface-biology, review, consensus, historical, or conceptual records. Of the 56 unique clinical records, 49 were mapped within the six indication-level clinical sections, while seven were retained as cross-cutting clinical evidence addressing patient-reported outcomes, design-related complications, bone apposition, anchorage strategy, comparative graftless rehabilitation, or reconstructive\/prosthetic principles. The six indication-level sections included 52 clinical-record assignments: 15 for full-arch rehabilitation, 13 for segmental or sectional rehabilitation, one for single-tooth rehabilitation, four for congenital or craniofacial indications, 13 for post-oncologic or post-ablative reconstruction, and six for rescue or salvage indications. Because three records addressed more than one indication, these counts represent indication-level assignments rather than mutually exclusive clinical records. Reported survival in most short- to mid-term clinical series was generally high, commonly ranging from 90% to 100%, although lower values of 70\u201380% were reported in selected longer-term cohorts and survival clearly overestimated clinical success in some studies. Expanding applications include posterior mandibular and maxillary defects, lateral incisor agenesis, cleft-related or syndromic deformities, maxillectomy reconstruction, obturator support, and hybrid rehabilitation with endosseous implants; however, evidence for the indications at the extremes of this spectrum\u2014single-tooth replacement and primary oncologic reconstruction\u2014remains limited to small, largely single-group case series and reports. Soft-tissue events, including dehiscence, mucositis, recession, and framework exposure, were the dominant complications and showed wide variability, with reported recession\/exposure rates ranging from approximately 10% in some sectional and full-arch series to as high as 65% in bilateral maxillary cohorts; their clinical significance varied from asymptomatic stable findings to progressive inflammatory complications requiring revision. Conclusions: Patient-specific subperiosteal implants represent a promising and increasingly versatile reconstructive option; however, the present findings should be interpreted as evidence mapping rather than as definitive comparative evidence. Their clinical use should remain highly selective, prosthetically driven, and supported by meticulous planning, rigid fixation, soft-tissue management, and structured maintenance. Standardized success criteria, longer follow-up, and comparative prospective studies are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1783089186000},"page":"5220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patient-Specific Subperiosteal Implants for Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review Across Indications, from Established Full-Arch Use to Emerging Single-Tooth and Oncologic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7789-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi Angelo","family":"Vaira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hareem","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"PhD School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Biglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Stellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mons School of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7000 Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Maniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Maglitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Consorti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Marche University Hospitals\u2014Umberto I, 60121 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Cirignaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Marche University Hospitals\u2014Umberto I, 60121 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Navarro-Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1on, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6048-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentino","family":"Vellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cLink\u201d, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1842-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Gerostomatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul Bukowska 70, 60-792 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3332-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Herce-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad CEU Fernando III, 41930 Bormujos, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5023-8311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marshall M.","family":"Freilich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON M3M 0B2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Tof\u00e9-Povedano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper van den","family":"Borre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AZ Sint-Elisabeth Hospital, 9620 Zottegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AZ Glorieux Hospital, 9600 Ronse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice Y.","family":"Mommaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Face Ahead Surgicenter\u2014Private Clinic\u2014AMSJI Center of Excellence, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB Health Campus, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"De Riu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Bone Augmentation Procedures in Implant Dentistry","volume":"24","author":"Chiapasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.06.028","article-title":"Autogenous Bone Grafting with Conventional Implants vs Zygomatic Implants for Atrophic Maxillae: A Retrospective Study of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life","volume":"123","author":"Laventure","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12414","article-title":"Complications in Bone-Grafting Procedures: Classification and Management","volume":"88","author":"Molina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2008.00259.x","article-title":"The Use of Zygomatic Implants for Prosthetic Rehabilitation of the Severely Resorbed Maxilla","volume":"47","author":"Aparicio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.10330","article-title":"Technique-Related Survival Rate and Complications of Zygomatic Implant Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"38","author":"Gabriele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"620","article-title":"Complications Related to Zygomatic Implants Placement: A Retrospective Evaluation with 5 Years Follow-Up","volume":"49","author":"Lombardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. Off. Publ. Eur. Assoc. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, M., Vaira, L.A., and Bobkowska, B.D. (2026). Pterygoid Implants, a Graftless Alternative Solution to Rehabilitate Posterior Maxillary Atrophy: A Retrospective Analysis. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Med. Pathol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2026.04.005"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-10-00200","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla with Pterygoid Implants: A Review","volume":"38","author":"Candel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-023-00479-x","article-title":"Long-Term Treatment Outcomes with Zygomatic Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Vissink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"490","article-title":"The Implant Lower Denture","volume":"55","author":"Goldberg","year":"1949","journal-title":"Dent. Dig."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"171","article-title":"A 41-Year History of a Mandibular Subperiosteal Implant","volume":"11","author":"Schou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/jdi.jdi_11_21","article-title":"Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Past or Future? A Critical Review on Clinical Trials\/Case Reports and Future Directions","volume":"13","author":"Dantas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent. Implants"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70025","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70025","article-title":"Subperiosteal Implants: A Lost Art Worth Revisiting?","volume":"27","author":"Goh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.02.002","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Sub-Periosteal Jaw Implants","volume":"46","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1632","article-title":"A Customised Digitally Engineered Solution for Fixed Dental Rehabilitation in Severe Bone Deficiency: A New Innovative Line Extension in Implant Dentistry","volume":"45","author":"Gellrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. Off. Publ. Eur. Assoc. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.03.006","article-title":"Re: Patient-Specific Sub-Periosteal Zygoma Implant for Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Large Maxillary Defects after Oncological Resection","volume":"48","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5420391","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5420391","article-title":"Custom-Made Direct Metal Laser Sintering Titanium Subperiosteal Implants: A Retrospective Clinical Study on 70 Patients","volume":"2018","author":"Cerea","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemtoi, A., Covrig, V., Nemtoi, A., Stoica, G., Vatavu, R., Haba, D., and Zetu, I. (2022). Custom-Made Direct Metal Laser Sintering Titanium Subperiosteal Implants in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for Severe Bone-Deficient Patients\u2014A Pilot Study. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102531"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.05.011","article-title":"Mechanical Evaluation of a Patient-Specific Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implant (AMSJI) Using Finite-Element Analysis","volume":"51","author":"Huys","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94980-1","article-title":"Improvement of an Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implant Structure Design by Finite Elements Based Topological Optimization","volume":"11","author":"Carnicero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrino, G., Karaban, M., Barausse, C., Giudice, A., Antonelli, A., Pistilli, R., and Felice, P. (2025). Indications and Complications of Subperiosteal Implants: Literature Review and Case Series. Dent. J., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13080337"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.05.015","article-title":"Patient- and Clinician-Reported Outcomes for the Additively Manufactured Sub-Periosteal Jaw Implant (AMSJI) in the Maxilla: A Prospective Multicentre One-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"51","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01044-3","article-title":"The Atrophic Edentulous Alveolus. A Preliminary Study on a New Generation of Subperiosteal Implants","volume":"27","author":"Dimitroulis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasparini, G., Todaro, M., De Angelis, P., Boniello, R., Saponaro, G., Rella, E., Foresta, E., Hreniuc, H.V., Azzuni, F., and Pashaj, E. (2024). Clinical Outcomes of CAD-CAM Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitation of Atrophic Jaws. Dent. J., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12080241"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.06.016","article-title":"Full-Arch Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Maxilla with Additively Manufactured Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","volume":"52","author":"Vaira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.89411","article-title":"Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants: A Finite Element Analysis on Monoblock and Dual Implant Systems in Atrophic Maxilla","volume":"20","author":"Ayhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Labrador, L., Bazal-Bonelli, S., P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, F., Beca-Campoy, T., Cobo-V\u00e1zquez, C.M., Cort\u00e9s-Bret\u00f3n Brinkmann, J., and Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.M. (2025). Clinical Performance of Subperiosteal Implants in the Full-Arch Rehabilitation of Severely Resorbed Edentulous Jaws: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Dent. J., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13060240"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-024-00521-6","article-title":"Clinical Performance of Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implants: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Anitua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-024-01249-8","article-title":"Subperiosteal Implants Constructed with Digital Technology: A Systematic Review","volume":"28","author":"Hegazy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasbarri, A., Giovannetti, F., Caporro, G., D\u2019Amario, M., Sperati, R., Jahjah, A., Lupi, E., and Capogreco, M. (2026). Treatment of Severe Atrophy with Juxta-Osseous Implants: A Systematic Review and Case Report. Bioengineering, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13040386"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-019-0055-x","article-title":"Custom-Made 3D Printed Subperiosteal Titanium Implants for the Prosthetic Restoration of the Atrophic Posterior Mandible of Elderly Patients: A Case Series","volume":"6","author":"Mangano","year":"2020","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.104548","article-title":"Hybrid Implant-Supported Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Jaws Using Custom-Made Subperiosteal and Conventional Endosseous Implants: A Retrospective Case Series","volume":"54","author":"Vaira","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2025.02.007","article-title":"Custom Fabricated Subperiosteal Implants for Sectional Rehabilitation of Severely Atrophic Maxillae: A Technical Note","volume":"83","author":"Vaira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2024.01.003","article-title":"Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Posterior Mandible with Additively Manufactured Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants: A Cohort Study","volume":"53","author":"Vaira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102263","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitations of Lateral Incisors Agenesis\u2013A Case Series","volume":"126","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101917","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implant Rehabilitation for Severely Atrophic Maxillary Molar Area: A Technical Note","volume":"125","author":"Vaira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2025.07.001","article-title":"Three-Dimensionally Printed Subperiosteal Implants for Maxillectomy Reconstruction: Report of Nine Cases","volume":"54","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cebri\u00e1n Carretero, J.L., Del Castillo Pardo De Vera, J.L., Montesdeoca Garc\u00eda, N., Garrido Mart\u00ednez, P., Pamp\u00edn Mart\u00ednez, M.M., Arag\u00f3n Ni\u00f1o, I., Navarro Cu\u00e9llar, I., and Navarro Cu\u00e9llar, C. (2022). Virtual Surgical Planning and Customized Subperiosteal Titanium Maxillary Implant (CSTMI) for Three Dimensional Reconstruction and Dental Implants of Maxillary Defects after Oncological Resection: Case Series. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154594"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-025-01379-7","article-title":"Primary Reconstruction of Total Maxillectomy Defect with Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implant and Fibula Free Flap: A Case Report","volume":"29","author":"Biglio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2025.08.048","article-title":"One-Step Primary Complete Rehabilitation Following Maxillectomy for a Benign Tumor: Advancements in Midface Reconstruction","volume":"135","author":"Segna","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Riu, G., Soma, D., Biglio, A., Raho, M.T., Mura, D., Michelon, F., Salzano, G., Piombino, P., Lechien, J.R., and Vaira, L.A. (2023). Primary Reconstruction of Total Maxillectomy with Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implant and Temporal Muscle Flap: A Case Report. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13106269"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70069","article-title":"Immediate Surgical Obturation Utilizing a Custom Maxillary Subperiosteal Implant","volume":"35","author":"Frias","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00549-y","article-title":"Innovative Landing Zones for One-Piece, Rigidly Fixated Patient-Specific Subperiosteal Implants in Dental Rehabilitation of Severe Maxillary and Midfacial Defects","volume":"22","author":"Gellrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Head. Face Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korn, P., Gellrich, N.-C., Jehn, P., Spalthoff, S., and Rahlf, B. (2021). A New Strategy for Patient-Specific Implant-Borne Dental Rehabilitation in Patients with Extended Maxillary Defects. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.718872"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"e85175","article-title":"Pterygoid Anchorage of Subperiosteal Implants: An Overview and Case Report","volume":"17","author":"Diss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.10490","article-title":"Soft Tissue Response and Determination of Underlying Risk Drivers for Recession and Mucositis after AMSJI Implantation in the Maxilla","volume":"39","author":"Loomans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.102206","article-title":"Management of Adverse Effects Following Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implantation in the Maxilla","volume":"126","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31342-1","article-title":"Influence of the Design of Modern Subperiosteal Multivectorial Anchored Implants on Success and Survival in Complex Patient Cases","volume":"15","author":"Pott","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.91620","article-title":"Evaluation of Different Subperiosteal Implant Thicknesses on Mechanical Strength and Stress on Bone by Finite Element Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kundakcioglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canko, G., and Doganay Ozyilmaz, O. (2025). Impact of Framework Material, Cantilever Design, and Wing Configuration on Stress Distribution in Patient Specific Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implants: A 3D Finite Element Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07214-5"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demir, B., and Caglar, I. (2025). Biomechanical Evaluation of Prosthetic Framework Materials in Subperiosteal Implants: A Finite Element Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-07391-3"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.08.027","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone Subperiosteal Implant Retaining a Maxillary Fixed Prosthesis: A Case Series","volume":"132","author":"ELgamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deniz, B., and Yurttutan, M.E. (2025). Biomechanical Evaluation of Conventional, Zygomatic, Zygomatic Bone Anchored Subperiosteal and Maxilla Anchored Subperiosteal Implants Applied Totally Edentulous Maxilla: Finite Element Stress Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06387-3"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanaclocha, V., Atienza, C., Vanaclocha, A., Pe\u00f1uelas, A., G\u00f3mez-Herrero, J., P\u00e9rez-Carri\u00f3, F., Diego-Leyda, J.A., S\u00e1iz-Sapena, N., and Vanaclocha, L. (2025). New Subperiosteal Dental Implant Design with Finite Element Analysis and Mechanical Validation: A Design Validation Study. Materials, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18030622"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2025.12.001","article-title":"Clinical Behaviour and Complications of CAD-CAM Subperiosteal Implants Supporting Fixed Partial Restorations: A Scoping Review","volume":"64","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2025.04.001","article-title":"Virtual Surgical Planning and Customized Subperiosteal Implants: A Systematic Review","volume":"54","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2025.06.009","article-title":"Personalized Subperiosteal Implants in Oral Rehabilitation after Resection of Maxillofacial Tumors: Systematic Review of Cases and Series Reports","volume":"140","author":"Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.04.018","article-title":"Finite Element Method of Subperiosteal Implants: A Systematic Review on Biomechanical Performance and Stress Distribution","volume":"53","author":"Ronsivalle","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herce-L\u00f3pez, J., Pingarr\u00f3n, M.D.C., Tof\u00e9-Povedano, \u00c1., Garc\u00eda-Arana, L., Espino-Segura-Illa, M., Sieira-Gil, R., Rodado-Alonso, C., S\u00e1nchez-Torres, A., and Figueiredo, R. (2024). Customized Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitation of Atrophic Jaws: A Consensus Report and Literature Review. Biomimetics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9010061"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1802_24","article-title":"Graftless Solutions for Rehabilitation of Atrophied Maxilla-Zygomatic Versus Subperiosteal Implants-A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Sudhir","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141oginoff, J., Majos, A., and Elgalal, M. (2024). The Evolution of Custom Subperiosteal Implants for Treatment of Partial or Complete Edentulism in Patients with Severe Alveolar Ridge Atrophy. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123582"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2024.09.006","article-title":"Long-Term Survival of Subperiosteal Implants: Meta-Analysis and Current Status of Subperiosteal Implants for Dental Rehabilitation","volume":"37","author":"Gellrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosola, S., Vatteroni, E., Asadi, M., Covani, U., Cardarelli, A., and Menchini-Fabris, G.-B. (2026). Clinical Outcomes, Survival, and Complications of Customized Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing 3-Dimensional\u2013Printed Titanium Subperiosteal Implants. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.02.019"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.6","article-title":"Subperiosteal Implants","volume":"212","author":"Beddis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601105010122","article-title":"Fabrication of a Maxillary Implant Retained Overdenture Using an Existing Subperiostal Implant: A Clinical Report","volume":"05","author":"Barrero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2018.06.007","article-title":"A Subperiosteal Maxillary Implant Causing Severe Osteolysis","volume":"119","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-022-00409-3","article-title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma around a Subperiosteal Implant in the Maxilla and the Association of Chronic Mechanical Irritation and Peri-Implantitis: A Case Report","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.11.008","article-title":"Titanium and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Patient-Specific Sub-Periosteal Implants: Two Novel Approaches for Rehabilitation of the Severely Atrophic Anterior Maxillary Ridge","volume":"47","author":"Mounir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.26574\/maedica.2024.19.4.861","article-title":"Management of Severe Atrophy with a Customised Subperiosteal Implant in the Posterior Mandible","volume":"19","author":"Nedelcu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maedica"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251350443","article-title":"Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with EEC Syndrome Using Additively Manufactured Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants: A Case Report","volume":"63","author":"Biglio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofacial J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rjaf319","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf319","article-title":"Custom Subperiosteal Implants Used to Rehabilitate the Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla Following Multiple Failures of Both Conventional as Well as Zygomatic Implants: A Case Report","volume":"2025","author":"Wirth","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.06.010","article-title":"Patient-Specific Sub-Periosteal Zygoma Implant for Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Large Maxillary Defects after Oncological Resection","volume":"48","author":"Vosselman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.359321","article-title":"Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Untailored Defects Using Patient-Specific Implants","volume":"19","author":"Kondaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e258338","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-258338","article-title":"Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Patients with a Unilateral Subtotal Maxillectomy Using a Customised Subperiosteal Zygomatic Implant: A Post-COVID-19 Mucormycosis","volume":"17","author":"Basavaraju","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"e64729","article-title":"Digitally Guided Advanced Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for Post-COVID-19 Mucormycosis Using Patient-Specific Implants: A Case Report","volume":"16","author":"Surana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_263_20","article-title":"The Role of Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants for Rehabilitation of Atrophic Jaws-A Case Report","volume":"10","author":"Angelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.102154","article-title":"Maxillary Rehabilitation after Zygomatic Implant Sequelae Using Custom Subperiosteal Implants: A Case Study","volume":"126","author":"Cardoso","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2026.102762","article-title":"CAD\/CAM-Assisted Subperiosteal Implant Rehabilitation of a Severely Atrophic Maxilla: A Digital Workflow Case Report","volume":"127","author":"Sahli","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Sawy, M.A., El-Khatib, B., Borg, H.S., and Khater, M.T. (2025). Biomechanical Effects of Digitally Constructed Titanium, Modified Polyetheretherketone, and Polyetherketoneketone Subperiosteal Implants on Atrophied Maxilla: A Finite Element Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06426-z"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielinski, R., Sowinski, J., Piechaczek, M., Okulski, J., and Kozakiewicz, M. (2023). Finite Element Analysis of Subperiosteal Implants in Edentulism\u2014On the Basis of the MaI Implant\u00ae by Integra Implants\u00ae. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16237466"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3672","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3672","article-title":"Submodelling Approach to Screw-to-bone Interaction in Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implant Structures","volume":"39","author":"Castrillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed Eng."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13947","article-title":"Assessment of Different Treatment Alternatives for Patients with Total Maxillectomy","volume":"34","author":"Acar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acar, G., Ari, I., and Tosun, E. (2024). Biomechanical Evaluation of Implant Options for Unilateral Maxillary Defects: A Finite Element Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05100-0"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9735427","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9735427","article-title":"Finite Element Assessment of a Novel Patient-Specific Mandibular Implant for Severely Atrophic Ridge","volume":"2024","author":"Parhiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.110897","article-title":"Two-Piece versus Single-Piece Patient-Specific Titanium Subperiosteal Implants in Atrophied Edentulous Mandibles: A Finite Element Analysis","volume":"196","author":"Roshdy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20493","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20493","article-title":"Novel Osteogenic Ti-6Al-4V Device for Restoration of Dental Function in Patients with Large Bone Deficiencies: Design, Development and Implementation","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030801","DOI":"10.1116\/1.4958793","article-title":"Evaluating the Osseointegration of Nanostructured Titanium Implants in Animal Models: Current Experimental Methods and Perspectives (Review)","volume":"11","author":"Babuska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biointerphases"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-022-06641-y","article-title":"In Vivo Biocompatibility Evaluation of 3D-Printed Nickel\u2013Titanium Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting","volume":"33","author":"Naujokat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardhani, R., Diana, R., and Pidhatika, B. (2022). How Porphyromonas Gingivalis Navigate the Map: The Effect of Surface Topography on the Adhesion of Porphyromonas Gingivalis on Biomaterials. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15144988"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, M., Corti, A., Dominici, S., Pompella, A., Cerea, M., Chelucci, E., Dorocka-Bobkowska, B., and Daniele, S. (2023). Biocompatibility of Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Effects of Differently Treated Titanium Surfaces on the Expression of ECM-Related Genes in Gingival Fibroblasts. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14020059"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, M., Chelucci, E., Corti, A., Ceccarelli, L., Cerea, M., Dorocka-Bobkowska, B., Pompella, A., and Daniele, S. (2024). Biocompatibility of Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Changes in the Expression of Osteogenesis-Related Genes in Osteoblasts Exposed to Differently Treated Titanium Surfaces. J. Funct. Biomater., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15060146"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campagna, R., Schiavoni, V., Rao, L., Bambini, F., Frontini, A., Sampalmieri, F., Salvolini, E., and Mem\u00e9, L. (2025). Novel Ti6Al4V Surface Treatment for Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Evaluation of Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Response. Materials, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18061234"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiavoni, V., Mem\u00e9, L., Tossetta, G., Marzioni, D., Bambini, F., Frontini, A., Santoni, C., Moretti, P., Vignini, A., and Campagna, R. (2026). Novel Ti6Al4V Surface Treatment for Subperiosteal Dental Implants (Part II): Matrix Deposition and Osteogenic Markers. Materials, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma19081522"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Borre, C., Rinaldi, M., De Neef, B., Loomans, N.A.J., Nout, E., Van Doorne, L., Naert, I., Politis, C., Schouten, H., and Klomp, G. (2021). Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Remodeling after Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implantation (AMSJI) in the Maxilla: A One-Year Follow-Up Study. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163542"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.08.008","article-title":"Virtual Surgical Planned Subperiosteal Implants. 3 Years of Follow up. Tips and Tricks for a Proper Management","volume":"53","author":"Cariati","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.04.021","article-title":"Long-Term Clinical Results of Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implants for the Treatment of the Severely Atrophic Maxilla","volume":"53","author":"Majos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1677147","article-title":"Customized 3D-Printed Subperiosteal Titanium Implants for Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Atrophic Maxilla in Geriatric Patients: A Case Report","volume":"2026","author":"Milad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dent."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102497","article-title":"Maxillary Rehabilitation Using Subperiosteal Implants Associated with a Lefort 1 Osteotomy: A Technical Note","volume":"126","author":"Debortoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"e293","article-title":"Maxillary Reconstruction with Subperiosteal Implants in a Cancer Patient: A One-Year Follow-Up","volume":"14","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14066","article-title":"Maxillary Reconstruction Using Subperiosteal Dental Implants: A Clinical Report","volume":"34","author":"Machine","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2026.01.011","article-title":"Comment on: \u201cClinical Behaviour and Complications of CAD-CAM Subperiosteal Implants Supporting Fixed Partial Restorations: A Scoping Review\u201d","volume":"64","author":"Vaira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70112","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70112","article-title":"To Remove or Not Remove Non-Conventional Dental Implants? Eleven-Year Retrospective Study on Implant Outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Manor","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"e80326","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Milled Versus 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Subperiosteal Implants for Atrophic Mandibular Ridges: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"17","author":"Darwish","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102621","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Titanium Subperiosteal Implants: A Long-Term Retrospective Clinical Evaluation of 10 Patients with Severe Mandibular Atrophy","volume":"127","author":"Majos","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"905","article-title":"Retrospective Analyses of Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implants in the Mandible","volume":"53","author":"Otero","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg. Off. Publ. Eur. Assoc. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onic\u0103, N., Budal\u0103, D.G., Baciu, E.-R., Onic\u0103, C.A., Gele\u021bu, G.L., Murariu, A., Balan, M., Pertea, M., and Stelea, C. (2024). Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of 3D-Printed Subperiosteal Titanium Implants: A 6-Year Follow-Up. J. Pers. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14050541"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gellrich, N.-C., Korn, P., Jehn, P., Neuhaus, M., Lentge, F., and Rahlf, B. (2024). Exceptional Cases Demand Exceptional Personalized Solutions: The Next Level in Dental Rehabilitation. J. Pers. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14030294"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13860","article-title":"Enhancing Oral Function: A Case Report on Mandibular Overdenture Utilization with Custom-made Subperiosteal Implant","volume":"33","author":"Fathi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8135","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8135","article-title":"Additively Custom-made 3D-printed Subperiosteal Implants for the Rehabilitation of the Severely Atrophic Maxilla (a Case Report)","volume":"11","author":"Arshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4103\/jdi.jdi_17_21","article-title":"Hybrid Implants in the Dental Rehabilitation of Posterior Maxilla: A Prospective Clinical Evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Krishnaprabhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Implants"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.07.014","article-title":"Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Nintedanib-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Clinical Report","volume":"133","author":"John","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-017-0151-3","article-title":"A New Concept. for Implant-Borne Dental Rehabilitation; How to Overcome the Biological Weak-Spot of Conventional Dental Implants?","volume":"13","author":"Gellrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head. Face Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12727","article-title":"Personalized Subperiosteal Implant-supported Obturator for the Rehabilitation of Rhino-orbit-cerebral Mucormycosis Sequela: A Case Report","volume":"28","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.08.001","article-title":"Evolutionary Steps in the Design and Biofunctionalization of the Additively Manufactured Sub-Periosteal Jaw Implant \u201cAMSJI\u201d for the Maxilla","volume":"48","author":"Mommaerts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00f6r\u00f6s, \u00c1., Kulcs\u00e1r, K., Pammer, D., and Zsoldos, I. (2025). Influence of Cyclic Loading on the Removal Torque of Unique Subperiosteal Implant Screws. J. Funct. Biomater., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16090306"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102377","article-title":"Comparison of Two Subperiosteal Implant Designs in Total Maxillectomy: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis","volume":"126","author":"Ari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u015f, \u0130.D., Tosun, E., Ari, I., and Acar, G. (2025). Evaluation of Treatment Options for Atrophic Mandible under Trauma Forces: A 3D Finite Element Analysis Treatment Options for Atrophic Mandible under Trauma Forces. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06047-6"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.93225","article-title":"Comparison of Screws with Different Diameters in Subperiosteal Implant Application with Finite Element Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kundakcioglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cipollina, A., Ceddia, M., Di Pietro, N., Inchingolo, F., Tumedei, M., Romasco, T., Piattelli, A., Specchiulli, A., and Trentadue, B. (2023). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Of a Premaxillary Device: A New Type of Subperiosteal Implant to Treat Severe Atrophy of the Maxilla. Biomimetics, 8.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1150.v1"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.09.011","article-title":"Finite Element Analysis of the Biomechanical Effects of Titanium and Cfr-Peek Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implant (AMSJI) on Maxilla","volume":"124","author":"Polat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, R., Ko\u0142kowska, A., Sowi\u0144ski, J., Konieczny, B., Kozakiewicz, M., and Simka, W. (2024). Workflow for Maxilla\/Mandible Individual [Mai\u00ae] Implant by Integra Implants\u2014How Individual Implants Are Manufactured. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081773"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00159-3","article-title":"Adapting a Simple Surgical Manual Tool to a 3D Printed Implantology Protocol: The Use of a Universal Screwdriver for Fixation of Custom-Made Laser Sintered Titanium Subperiosteal Implants","volume":"8","author":"Ayna","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.03.005","article-title":"Differences in Approach for Sub-Periosteal Zygoma Implant Designs","volume":"48","author":"Vosselman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaira, L., Biglio, A., Lechien, J., and De Riu, G. (2026). Clinical Evidence of Bone Apposition and Potential Osseointegration in Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Implants: A Report of Three Cases. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2026.05.026"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Den Borre, C., De Neef, B., Loomans, N.A.J., Rinaldi, M., Nout, E., Bouvry, P., Naert, I., and Mommaerts, M.Y. (2023). Patient Satisfaction and Impact on Oral Health after Maxillary Rehabilitation Using a Personalized Additively Manufactured Subperiosteal Jaw Implant (AMSJI). J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020297"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielinski, R., Okulski, J., Piechaczek, M., \u0141o\u015b, J., Sowi\u0144ski, J., Sadowska-Sowi\u0144ska, M., Ko\u0142kowska, A., Simka, W., and Kozakiewicz, M. (2025). Five-Year Comparative Study of Zygomatic and Subperiosteal Implants: Clinical Outcomes, Complications, and Treatment Strategies for Severe Maxillary Atrophy. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030661"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-019-0046-y","article-title":"A Digital Workflow for Modeling of Custom Dental Implants","volume":"5","author":"Surovas","year":"2019","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70071","article-title":"A Digitally Designed Fixed Subperiosteal Implant Solution for the Treatment of the Severely Atrophic Full-arch with an Immediate-load Protocol","volume":"35","author":"Rekawek","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dess\u00ec, V., and Vaira, L. (2026). Maintenance of Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implants: A Narrative Review of Indirect Evidence and Preliminary Clinical Considerations. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15114333"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/13\/5220\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:06:13Z","timestamp":1783685173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/13\/5220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15135220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15135220","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}