{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:15:52Z","timestamp":1783350952796,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation\/Replacement (TAVI\/TAVR) has come a long way since the first-in-human implant by Prof Cribier &amp; colleagues in 2002. Initially a consideration for inoperable\/high-surgical-risk patients, TAVI is now indicated in patients with severe tricuspid aortic stenosis and suitable anatomy aged 70 or higher. This has been made possible due to improvements in preprocedural planning, performance upgrades to and evolution of transcatheter heart valve (THV) systems and increasing operator experience. Younger age at index implantation, complexities of redo TAVI planning and methods to improve THV durability are the next frontiers. This review summarizes these advancements while emphasizing preprocedural planning, current guidelines, and individualized device selection, with a brief note on polymeric heart valves\u2014developed to overcome the disadvantageous bioprosthetic dysfunction seen with current THVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1783345394000},"page":"5242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation\/Replacement (TAVI\/TAVR): How It Started, How It\u2019s Going, and Where It\u2019s Going"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2138-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alok","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Luckie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2288-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawfiq","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, Lancashire FY3 8NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2019.05.024","article-title":"The History of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)\u2014A Personal View Over 25 Years of development","volume":"21","author":"Figulla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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