{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:14:24Z","timestamp":1783419264669,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Thoracic surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain caused by chest wall manipulation and intercostal nerve injury. Multimodal analgesia with non-opioid agents such as lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium might be beneficial for pain control and reduce opioid consumption. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 118 consecutive patients who underwent lung resection via thoracotomy from January 2019 to January 2021 at Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta. The primary outcome was total intravenous morphine consumption within the first 24 h postoperatively. Multivariable linear regression modeling was used to determine the adjusted association between lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium administration and morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon\u2019s rank-sum and Fisher\u2019s exact tests. Results: In total, 71 patients received lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium intraoperatively (LKM group) while 47 patients did not receive this regimen (non-LKM group). The LKM group had a higher prevalence of hypertension and higher proportions of patients undergoing lobectomy and pneumonectomy. Morphine consumption within 24 h postoperatively was lower in the LKM group than in the non-LKM group (median (interquartile range), 2 (0\u20136) mg vs. 5 (3\u20138) mg; p = 0.001). No drug-related adverse events were observed. After multivariable risk adjustment, lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium use was associated with significantly decreased total intravenous morphine consumption within 24 h postoperatively (\u22121.76, 95% confidence interval = \u22123.40 to \u22120.12, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium use was associated with lower 24 h morphine consumption in our prospective cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:04:49Z","timestamp":1783411489000},"page":"5295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Intravenous Lidocaine, Ketamine, and Magnesium for Acute Pain Control After Lung Resection Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julissa","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Reanimation, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Reanimation, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Reanimation, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Gasc\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Reanimation, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3862-1972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2185-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Murie-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Ciudad de Telde, 35212 Telde, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Reanimation, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2014.04.011","article-title":"Coadministration of intravenous remifentanil and morphine for post-thoracotomy pain: Comparison with intravenous morphine alone","volume":"29","author":"Turktan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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