{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:13:13Z","timestamp":1789002793507,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)\u2014including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA)\u2014is highly prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF), yet frequently underdiagnosed. Increasing evidence shows that SDB and HF interact in a vicious cycle: recurrent hypoxic episodes, fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure, and autonomic dysregulation further strain cardiac function, while HF itself predisposes to the development of apnea. This interplay worsens arrhythmia burden, symptom severity, and long-term prognosis. This review will explore how OSA and CSA influence HF progression and outcomes, elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions, and discuss diagnostic challenges\u2014from simple screening questionnaires to advanced telemonitoring approaches. We will critically evaluate current therapeutic options, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV), and emerging technologies, in light of major clinical trials and guideline recommendations. Finally, we will highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to improve outcomes in this complex patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15145451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:53:58Z","timestamp":1783932838000},"page":"5451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Intersection of Cardiology and Sleep Medicine: Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Heart Failure Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Huljev \u0160ipo\u0161","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirna","family":"Vergles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Lali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Marasovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2587-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Grubi\u0107 Rotkvi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Ki\u0161pati\u0107eva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Gulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zrinka","family":"\u010colak Romi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u0110uzel \u010cokljat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Roka Misetica 2, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Batinjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristijan","family":"\u0160ipo\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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