{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:03:22Z","timestamp":1784538202396,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente"},{"name":"NRRP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are common comorbidities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often complicating disease management. Self-efficacy\u2014the belief in one\u2019s ability to manage diabetes\u2014has been shown to influence self-care behaviours and outcomes. This study aimed to assess diabetes management self-efficacy among adults with obesity and T2DM undergoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation, focusing on the impact of BMI, BED, and gender. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 137 adults (BMI \u2265 30 kg\/m2) with T2DM admitted to a residential rehabilitation center. Self-efficacy was measured using the Italian Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (IT-DMSES), which evaluates confidence in lifestyle and disease management tasks. Data on BMI, BED status, age, and gender were collected. Results: The mean IT-DMSES score was 116.7 \u00b1 23.7, with females scoring slightly higher than males (120.3 \u00b1 24.8 vs. 112.5 \u00b1 22.0, p = 0.057). Higher BMI was significantly associated with lower self-efficacy, particularly in lifestyle (R = 0.282, p = 0.002) and disease management (R = 0.271, p = 0.002) domains. Several individual items, including those related to dietary control and medication adherence, showed strong negative correlations with BMI. BED independently predicted lower self-efficacy on item 13 (emotional eating) (Estimate = \u22123.18, p = 0.001), even after adjusting for BMI, age, and gender. No significant interactions between gender and BED were observed for overall self-efficacy or domain scores. Conclusions: Although the exploratory nature of the findings requires confirmation, our results underline the independent association of low self-efficacy with BED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15145626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:54:13Z","timestamp":1784534053000},"page":"5626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-Efficacy Measured Through the Italian Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (IT-DMSES) in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santo","family":"Colosimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Guerrini Usubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Paola","family":"Mambrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sartorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5867-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.06.017","article-title":"Obesity and diabetes: An update","volume":"11","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. 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Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/14\/5626\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T08:11:33Z","timestamp":1784535093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/14\/5626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15145626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15145626","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]}}}