{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:59:50Z","timestamp":1785149990999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Compression therapy serves as first-line conservative management for low-flow vascular malformations and Klippel\u2013Tr\u00e9naunay syndrome (KTS). However, ready-made garments are frequently ill-fitting for patients with limb overgrowth, asymmetry, deformity, or heterogeneous body habitus. Custom-made compression elastic garments offer an individualized solution, yet systematic data across diverse clinical entities remain scarce. This study evaluated objective and subjective outcomes of custom-made compression garments across vascular anomalies and edematous disorders in a multi-institutional real-world setting. Methods: A retrospective observational case series was conducted between May 2023 and September 2025 at four institutions: a tertiary medical center, a pediatric specialty hospital, a corporate hospital, and a corporate clinic. Patients who received custom-made compression elastic garments for vascular anomalies, edema, varicose veins, post-traumatic or post-burn venous stasis, or postoperative conditions were included. Objective outcome (limb circumference change) and subjective outcome (patient satisfaction) were analyzed. Results: A total of 191 patients who received custom-made garments were described (117 females, 61.3%; 74 males, 38.7%; mean age 36.3 years; median 22 years; range 1\u201396 years). The age distribution was bimodal, with 91 patients (47.6%) aged 0\u201319 years and 50 patients (26.2%) aged \u226570 years. The tertiary center and pediatric hospital treated vascular anomaly patients exclusively (n = 102), while the corporate hospital and clinic primarily served adult and elderly edematous disorder patients (n = 88; one additional vascular anomaly case was managed at the corporate hospital). Quantitative paired outcome analysis was feasible in the subgroups with complete paired data: 20 vascular anomaly patients (objective outcome) and 20 edematous disorder patients (subjective outcome). In the vascular anomaly subgroup (n = 20), the affected limb showed a significantly greater circumference reduction at the ankle\u2019s narrowest point (median \u22122 mm, IQR \u22124.2 to 0.0) compared with the unaffected contralateral limb (median +0.5 mm, IQR \u22120.2 to +1.0; Wilcoxon signed-rank test T = 4; p &lt; 0.001; effect size r = 0.83). In the edematous disorder subgroup (n = 20), patient satisfaction scores improved significantly from a median of 3 (IQR 2.0\u20134.0) to 4 (IQR 3.0\u20136.0) after garment use (Wilcoxon signed-rank test T = 0; p &lt; 0.001; effect size r = 0.83). Representative cases illustrated pediatric vascular anomaly (Case A, vascular malformation; Case C, KTS) and adult edematous disorder (Case B, chronic lower limb edema) presentations and outcomes. Conclusions: Custom-made compression elastic garments were feasible and well tolerated across a broad real-world spectrum of vascular anomalies and edematous disorders. In the analyzed subgroups, a measurable reduction in affected-limb circumference was observed in pediatric vascular anomaly patients, and patient satisfaction improved in adult and elderly edematous disorder patients. Because each subgroup was evaluated with only one outcome domain and no head-to-head comparison of measures was performed, these findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. We propose that outcome measures may need to be tailored to disease background and age, a hypothesis that warrants testing in prospective studies capturing both objective and subjective endpoints across all patient groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15155819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"5819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Custom-Made Compression Elastic Garments for Vascular Anomalies and Edematous Disorders: Objective and Subjective Outcomes in a Multi-Institutional Clinical Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadanori","family":"Akita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima 779-3125, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukuoka Children\u2019s Hospital, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai 591-8025, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima 779-3125, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0488-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima 779-3125, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima 779-3125, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunimoto, K., Yamamoto, Y., and Jinnin, M. 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Available online: https:\/\/upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043618."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5819\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:06:22Z","timestamp":1785146782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15155819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15155819","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]}}}