{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:11:06Z","timestamp":1785409866632,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002641","name":"Konkuk University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common complication in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. Reduced cholinergic neurotransmission is closely associated with cognitive impairment and an increased risk of delirium. This study aimed to compare the effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor versus sugammadex\u2013used as neuromuscular blockade reversal agents\u2013on the incidence of ED following pediatric strabismus surgery. Methods: Seventy-six patients, aged 4\u20137 years, were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the pyridostigmine group (Group P) or the sugammadex group (Group S). The dose of each agent was determined according to the train-of-four count or ratio. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was assessed at 15-min intervals in the post-anesthesia care unit until the score fell below 10. ED was defined as a PAED score \u2265 10. Results: Of the 73 patients who completed the study, 36 were in Group P, and 37 were in Group S. The incidence of ED was 50.0% in Group P and 40.5% in Group S (odds ratio = 0.682; 95% confidence interval = 0.270\u20131.721; p = 0.417). The peak PAED scores were 10.0 (7.0, 15.5) in Group P and 9.0 (7.5, 11.5) in Group S (median [interquartile range]; p = 0.277). Conclusions: The choice of neuromuscular reversal agent did not significantly affect the incidence of ED in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15155855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1785145661000},"page":"5855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the Effect of Pyridostigmine and Sugammadex on Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8874-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Sik","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institution of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institution of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon-Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yea-Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14819","article-title":"Incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia compared to isoflurane anesthesia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Farag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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