{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T09:02:50Z","timestamp":1785315770067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Iliopsoas-related groin pain (IRGP) occurs in native hips and following hip surgery. However, diagnosis is challenging due to symptom overlap with other hip pathologies and limited imaging accuracy. Treatment ranges from conservative management to surgery. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests and the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatments for IRGP. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed from database inception to 13 March 2026. Diagnostic accuracy studies evaluating clinical tests for IRGP against reference standards and therapeutic intervention studies assessing treatment effectiveness in individuals with IRGP were included. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-3 for diagnostic studies and the MINORS tool for treatment studies. Due to heterogeneity in populations, interventions, outcomes, and study design, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Three diagnostic accuracy studies and 71 treatment studies were included. All three diagnostic studies used an image-guided injection as reference standard and were at high risk of bias. The hip\u2013external rotation\u2013flexion\u2013ceiling (HEC) test showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 94%, specificity 88%), together with resisted seated hip flexion. However, all three diagnostic studies were at high risk of bias, so these estimates should be regarded as preliminary. Supine provocation tests showed high sensitivity but poor specificity. Conservative management achieved high success rates in idiopathic and athletic populations (77\u2013100%) but lower and more variable effectiveness after total hip arthroplasty (THA) (16\u201350%). Image-guided injections produced short-term improvement in 50\u201370% of patients, with limited long-term effectiveness in mechanically driven cases after THA. In native hips, four matched comparative cohort studies indicated that arthroscopic iliopsoas release provided no clear benefit beyond treatment of concomitant intra-articular pathology and was associated with measurable iliopsoas atrophy and loss of hip flexion strength. After THA, both iliopsoas tenotomy and acetabular component revision improved pain and function, with outcomes strongly dependent on implant position and patient selection. Methodological quality of the treatment studies was generally low to moderate (MINORS 5\u201314\/16 for non-comparative and 14\u201321\/24 for comparative studies), while all three diagnostic studies were at high risk of bias on QUADAS-3. Conclusions: Current evidence highlights substantial diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty in IRGP. Clinical tests lack sufficient standalone accuracy and should at least include the HEC test and resisted seated hip flexion. Treatment outcomes depend strongly on the underlying etiology, and the lack of an accurate diagnostic reference standard further complicates their interpretation. High-quality diagnostic studies and comparative intervention trials are needed to support evidence-based clinical pathways. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42025644593.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15155912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:16:52Z","timestamp":1785313012000},"page":"5912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Iliopsoas-Related Groin Pain: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Vandeputte","family":"Frans-Jozef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Hip Center, Boskant 18, 2260 Westerlo, Belgium"},{"name":"Hip Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergooris","family":"Abner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Hip Center, Boskant 18, 2260 Westerlo, Belgium"},{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8358-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roose","family":"Stijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Hip Center, Boskant 18, 2260 Westerlo, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5461-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timmermans","family":"Annick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corten","family":"Kristoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Hip Center, Boskant 18, 2260 Westerlo, Belgium"},{"name":"Hip Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2016.02.009","article-title":"Iliopsoas: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e620","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-01166","article-title":"The Iliopsoas: Anatomy, Clinical Evaluation, and Its Role in Hip Pain in the Athlete: A Scoping Review","volume":"32","author":"Tramer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094869","article-title":"Doha Agreement Meeting on Terminology and Definitions in Groin Pain in Athletes","volume":"49","author":"Weir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-007-0062-x","article-title":"The Asymmetric Profile of the Acetabulum","volume":"466","author":"Vandenbussche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/11207000241304095","article-title":"4-Year Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Acetabular Wall Reconstruction and Cup Revision for Treatment of Anterior Acetabular Wall Defects with Iliopsoas Tendinopathy Following Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"35","author":"Nogier","year":"2025","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.02.019","article-title":"Iliopsoas Tendonitis Due to the Protrusion of an Acetabular Component Fixation Screw after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"25","author":"Mayne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.09.008","article-title":"Oversized Acetabular Socket Causing Groin Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"24","author":"Abbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.012","article-title":"Iliopsoas Impingement After Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options","volume":"36","author":"Buller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minelli, M., Longobardi, V., Del Monaco, A., D\u2019Addona, A., Za, P., Della Rocca, F., and Loppini, M. (2025). Risk Factors for Iliopsoas Impingement Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186376"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.07.001","article-title":"Oversized Cups as a Major Risk Factor of Postoperative Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Odri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.10.015","article-title":"Risk Factors for Iliopsoas Tendinopathy After Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Verhaegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700018757940","article-title":"Projections of Hip Arthroplasty in OECD Countries up to 2050","volume":"28","author":"Pabinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1212-6","article-title":"Sonographic Anatomy and Dynamic Study of the Normal Iliopsoas Musculotendinous Junction","volume":"19","author":"Guillin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-001-0371-9","article-title":"Descriptive Anatomy of the Femoral Portion of the Iliopsoas Muscle: Anatomical Basis of Anterior Snapping of the Hip","volume":"23","author":"Tatu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02954670","article-title":"The Action of the Iliopsoas Muscle","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1999)12:4<264::AID-CA4>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Psoas Major and Its Controversial Rotational Action","volume":"12","author":"Skyrme","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760200034","article-title":"The Function of the Psoas Major Muscle: Passive Kinetics and Morphological Studies Using Donated Cadavers","volume":"7","author":"Yoshio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.06.006","article-title":"Is the Iliopsoas a Femoral Head Stabilizer? A Systematic Review","volume":"2","author":"Hirase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000184","article-title":"Psoas Muscle and Lumbar Spine Stability: A Concept Uniting Existing Controversies","volume":"9","author":"Penning","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Hypothesis. Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.12.184","article-title":"The Limited Reliability of Physical Examination and Imaging for Diagnosis of Iliopsoas Tendinitis","volume":"37","author":"Haskel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1207","article-title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Use of Sonography-Guided Iliopsoas Peritendinous Injections","volume":"185","author":"Adler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B8.19208","article-title":"Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Replacement: The Results of Non-Operative Management, Tenotomy or Acetabular Revision","volume":"89-B","author":"Dora","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e83391","article-title":"Iliopsoas Impingement After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review of Diagnosis and Management","volume":"17","author":"Younis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700020970519","article-title":"Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomies: A Systematic Review of Surgical Technique and Outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Coulomb","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a Web and Mobile App for Systematic Reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-25-02104","article-title":"QUADAS-3: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies","volume":"179","author":"Whiting","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (Minors): Development and Validation of a New Instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003520","article-title":"Evaluation of Clinical Tests to Diagnose Iliopsoas Tendinopathy","volume":"483","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465261428681","article-title":"Can a Clinician Accurately Diagnose Iliopsoas Tendinitis on a Physical Examination?","volume":"54","author":"Johnstone","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1999.29.4.218","article-title":"Treatment of Iliopsoas Syndrome with a Hip Rotation Strengthening Program: A Retrospective Case Series","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967113500638","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113500638","article-title":"Iliopsoas Syndrome in Dancers","volume":"1","author":"Laible","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.04.030","article-title":"Avulsion Fracture of the Lesser Trochanter in Adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Ruffing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3453-x","article-title":"Outcomes after Fluoroscopy-Guided Iliopsoas Bursa Injection for Suspected Iliopsoas Tendinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Agten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14841","article-title":"Short-term Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Iliopsoas Peritendinous Corticosteroid Injection","volume":"38","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-006-0084-6","article-title":"Sonography of the Iliopsoas Tendon and Injection of the Iliopsoas Bursa for Diagnosis and Management of the Painful Snapping Hip","volume":"35","author":"Blankenbaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S281880","article-title":"Low Back Pain Caused by Iliopsoas Tendinopathy Treated with Ultrasound-Guided Local Injection of Anesthetic and Steroid: A Retrospective Study","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518785966","article-title":"Does Iliopsoas Lengthening Adversely Affect Clinical Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy? A Multicenter Comparative Study","volume":"46","author":"Maldonado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221079844","article-title":"Competitive Athletes with Femoroacetabular Impingement and Painful Internal Snapping Treated Arthroscopically with Intrabursal Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening: High Rate of Return to Sport and Favorable Midterm Functional Outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.08.292","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport in Competitive Athletes Undergoing Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening Compared with a Matched Control Group Without Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening","volume":"34","author":"Perets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.03.034","article-title":"Borderline Dysplastic Female Patients with Painful Internal Snapping Improve Clinical Outcomes At Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up Following Hip Arthroscopy With Femoroplasty, Labral Repair, Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening, and Capsular Plication: A Propensity-Matched Controlled Comparison","volume":"37","author":"Maldonado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.11.028","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Psoas Lengthening: The Effect of Femoral Version","volume":"28","author":"Fabricant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B6.22797","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of the Snapping Iliopsoas Tendon through the Central Compartment of the Hip: A Pilot Study","volume":"92-B","author":"Contreras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.2.158","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Internal Snapping Hip with Combined Pathologies","volume":"7","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.01.027","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of Iliopsoas Snapping in Patients with Radiographic Acetabular Dysplasia Using Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening and Capsular Plication","volume":"34","author":"Hartigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514531037","article-title":"Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening for Internal Snapping of the Hip: Clinical Outcomes with a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up","volume":"42","author":"Stake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520944147","article-title":"An Iliopsoas Impingement Lesion in the Absence of Painful Internal Snapping May Not Require Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening","volume":"48","author":"Meghpara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508322130","article-title":"Results of Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tendon Release in Competitive and Recreational Athletes","volume":"36","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.02.027","article-title":"Results of Labral-Level Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomies for the Treatment of Labral Impingement","volume":"30","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.02.018","article-title":"Tenotomy for Iliopsoas Pathology Is Infrequently Performed and Associated with Poorer Outcomes in Hips Undergoing Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement","volume":"37","author":"Matsuda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515626173","article-title":"Functional and Structural Outcomes of Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Release","volume":"44","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20200314-06","article-title":"Iliopsoas Release in Hip Arthroscopy: Assessment of Muscle Atrophy","volume":"43","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2016.15","article-title":"Arthroscopic Release of Iliopsoas Tendon in Patients with Femoro-Acetabular Impingement: Clinical Results at Mid-Term Follow-Up","volume":"6","author":"Mardones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506298580","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of the Painful \u201cInternal\u201d Snapping Hip","volume":"35","author":"Flanum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.04.083","article-title":"Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome: Incidence of Multiple-Tendon Existence and Outcome After Endoscopic Transcapsular Release","volume":"31","author":"Ilizaliturri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.08.021","article-title":"Endoscopic Iliopsoas Tendon Release","volume":"21","author":"Ilizaliturri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70543","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70543","article-title":"Outcomes of Endoscopic Transcapsular Iliopsoas Tenotomy for Snapping Hip Syndrome: Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up","volume":"13","author":"Loppini","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Exp. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000009","article-title":"Medium-Term and Long-Term Outcomes of Interventions for Primary Psoas Tendinopathy","volume":"24","author":"Garala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260066","article-title":"Surgical Correction of Internal Coxa Saltans: A 20-Year Consecutive Study","volume":"32","author":"Hoskins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200203000-00013","article-title":"Surgical Correction of the Snapping Iliopsoas Tendon in Adolescents","volume":"84","author":"Dobbs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300042201","article-title":"The Surgical Treatment of Internal Snapping Hip","volume":"30","author":"Gruen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.07.021","article-title":"Outcomes of Cup Revision for Ilio-Psoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Retrospective Study of 46 Patients","volume":"103","author":"Batailler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.03.030","article-title":"Evaluation of Endoscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomy for Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement After Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"34","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.06.024","article-title":"Technique to Treat Iliopsoas Irritation after Total Hip Replacement: Thickening of Articular Hip Capsule through an Abridged Direct Anterior Approach","volume":"101","author":"Benad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"104","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement Syndrome after Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"90","author":"Niccoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica Atenei Parm."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.11.088","article-title":"Iliopsoas Tendonitis Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Effectiveness of Selective Steroid Injections","volume":"24","author":"Nunley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnab035","article-title":"Endoscopic Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-up and Comparison of Tenotomy Performed at the Acetabular Rim versus Lesser Trochanter","volume":"8","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hip Preserv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.03.043","article-title":"Endoscopic Tenotomy for Iliopsoas Tendinopathy Following Total Hip Arthroplasty Can Relieve Pain Regardless of Acetabular Cup Overhang or Anteversion","volume":"37","author":"Saffarini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.07.040","article-title":"Endoscopic Tendon Release for Iliopsoas Impingement After Total Hip Arthroplasty\u2014Excellent Clinical Outcomes and Low Failure Rates at Short-Term Follow-Up","volume":"40","author":"Finsterwald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.09.007","article-title":"Endoscopic or Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomy for Iliopsoas Impingement Following Total Hip Replacement. A Prospective Multicenter 64-Case Series","volume":"103","author":"Guicherd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/jhps\/hnac052","article-title":"Endoscopic Iliopsoas Lengthening for Treatment of Recalcitrant Iliopsoas Tendinitis after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"10","author":"Bonano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hip Preserv. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-024-06228-y","article-title":"Assessment of Function and Muscle Strength after Endoscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomy to Treat Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"48","author":"Portet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1806-6","article-title":"Arthroscopic Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement (IPI) after Total Hip Replacement","volume":"133","author":"Jerosch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700019893341","article-title":"Arthroscopic Tendon Release for Iliopsoas Impingement after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective, Consecutive Series","volume":"31","author":"Tassinari","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"41","article-title":"Arthroscopic Psoas Release for Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Replacement","volume":"7","author":"RiEt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00568-1","article-title":"Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomy after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Safe Method for the Right Patient","volume":"10","author":"Nikou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2024.100930","article-title":"Arthroscopic Fractional Lengthening After Total Hip Arthroplasty Results in Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes and Low Rates of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"6","author":"Simon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967119854362","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119854362","article-title":"Arthroscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Hip Pain After Total Hip Arthroplasty and the Role of Anterior Capsule Disruption in Iliopsoas Tendinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Nazal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3029-3","article-title":"An Operative Technique for Psoas Impingement Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Series of Day Case, Extra Articular, Arthroscopic Psoas Tenotomy","volume":"139","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.103995","article-title":"Acetabular Revision for Iliopsoas Impingement: A Study of 55 Cases at 3 Years of Follow-up. Does the Procedure Achieve the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in the Oxford-12 Score in More than 80% of Cases?","volume":"111","author":"Martinot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2006.05.034","article-title":"Iliopsoas Tendonitis: A Complication after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Tai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700020909159","article-title":"Outside-in Arthroscopic Psoas Release for Anterior Iliopsoas Impingement after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"31","author":"Moreta","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03623-z","article-title":"Results after Arthroscopic Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"142","author":"Zimmerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2023.11.012","article-title":"Safety and Feasibility of Locoregional Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Phase 1 Prospective Observational Study","volume":"25","author":"Homma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12103","article-title":"Satisfactory Mid-term Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Tenotomy for Iliopsoas Tendinopathy Following Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"32","author":"Erard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"e13193","article-title":"Surgical Management of Iliopsoas Impingement with Combined Acetabular Revision and Partial Psoas Tenotomy","volume":"13","author":"Yun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.04.009","article-title":"Technique and Results of Endoscopic Tenotomy in Iliopsoas Muscle Tendinopathy Secondary to Total Hip Replacement: A Series of 10 Cases","volume":"98","author":"Huten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000405","article-title":"The Role of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Groin Pain after Total HIP Arthroplasty: Our Experience","volume":"26","author":"Filanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIP Int."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.12.015","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Iliopsoas Bursal Injections for Management of Iliopsoas Bursitis After Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Weintraub","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103741","article-title":"What Happens in the Medium-Term to Capsule-Thickening Plasties for Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty? Evaluation of 14 Procedures at 4 Years\u2019 Follow-Up","volume":"110","author":"Martinot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103687","article-title":"What Happens to Endoscopic\/Arthroscopic Tenotomies with Iliopsoas Impingement in the Medium Term? Review of a Prospective Cohort of 64 Patients with a Minimum Follow-up of 5 Years","volume":"109","author":"Lambrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00244","article-title":"Iliopsoas Impingement After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Operative and Nonoperative Treatment Outcomes","volume":"99","author":"Chalmers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2022.08.023","article-title":"Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Does the CT-Scan Have Any Role? Our Algorithm Proposal","volume":"34","author":"Soza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1318.R1","article-title":"Iliopsoas Pathology after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Young Person\u2019s Complication","volume":"103-B","author":"Howell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2025.101190","article-title":"Arthroscopic Versus Open Iliopsoas Release After Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"7","author":"Holliday","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2025.101262","article-title":"Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Lengthening Is a Safe and Effective Treatment for Anterior Iliopsoas Impingement After Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"7","author":"Pate","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthrosc. Sports Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.05.017","article-title":"Cup Protrusion and Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Ueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"49","article-title":"Outcomes of Nonoperative versus Operative Treatment of Iliopsoas Impingement after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"19","author":"Razick","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2025.106575","article-title":"Effect of Capsular Sparing versus Capsular Resection on Pressure Changes under the Tendon of the Iliopsoas Muscle: An Experimental Cadaveric Study","volume":"127","author":"Benes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30734-5","article-title":"Relationship between Iliopsoas Muscle Surface Pressure and Implant Alignment after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"13","author":"Tamaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2025.101680","article-title":"Does Capsular Repair in Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduce the Incidence of Iliopsoas Tendonitis?","volume":"33","author":"Puleo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthroplast. Today"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-0529.R2","article-title":"Capsular Resection versus Capsular Repair in Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"103-B","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/11207000241309600","article-title":"The Peri-Articular Muscle Envelope of the Hip (PAME) Shows Atrophy in Patients with Refractory Groin Pain after Iliopsoas Tenotomy","volume":"35","author":"Declercq","year":"2025","journal-title":"HIP Int."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5912\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:39:47Z","timestamp":1785314387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15155912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15155912","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}