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Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Depression is a frequently overlooked but clinically important complication following surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study aimed to compare the risk of new-onset postoperative depression following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with BPH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Patients diagnosed with BPH between 2013 and 2022 who underwent TURP or HoLEP and had no prior diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder were included (n = 30,878 and n = 21,521, respectively). The primary outcome was a diagnosis of depression within one year after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to adjust for covariates, including age, comorbidities, medication use, geographic region, and hospital level. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using follow-up periods of one, three, six, and nine months. Results: In the unadjusted model, HoLEP was associated with higher odds of postoperative depression compared with TURP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.338, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.245\u20131.438; p &lt; 0.0001). This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment (OR = 1.350, 95% CI: 1.255\u20131.451; p &lt; 0.0001) and propensity score matching (OR = 1.364, 95% CI: 1.259\u20131.476; p &lt; 0.0001). The association was observed across alternative follow-up windows in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: HoLEP is associated with higher odds of new-onset postoperative depression compared with TURP. These findings may inform perioperative mental health assessment for patients undergoing surgical treatment for BPH, and warrant further evaluation to establish causality or clarify the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15155992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1785757821000},"page":"5992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of New-Onset Postoperative Depression After Holmium Laser Enucleation Versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3472-5432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Hyeon","family":"Gwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hana General Hospital, Cheongju 28378, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7462-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Institute for Digital Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nak-Hoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Institute for Digital Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90229-3","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia from 1990 to 2021","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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