{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:49:14Z","timestamp":1785761354738,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, potentially life-threatening disease in which delayed recognition and inappropriate medication use may result in preventable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess physicians\u2019 knowledge regarding HAE-related triggers, clinical features, and management strategies across multiple medical specialties. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 350 physicians at a tertiary training and research hospital. A structured electronic questionnaire assessed knowledge of HAE pathophysiology, diagnosis, medication-related triggers, and management. A predefined composite knowledge score (0\u201314) was calculated. Results: Although self-reported familiarity with HAE was high, overall disease-specific knowledge was limited. Awareness of critical medication-related triggers\u2014including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and estrogen-containing therapies\u2014was low across all specialties, with no significant between-group differences. Substantial knowledge gaps were identified in the recognition of clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and acute management. In multivariable analysis, prior clinical exposure to HAE patients was the only independent predictor of higher knowledge scores (B = 1.097, p = 0.001), whereas specialty group, gender, and years of professional experience were not independently associated with knowledge scores. However, the regression model explained only a small proportion of the variance in knowledge scores. Conclusions: Significant gaps in clinically relevant HAE knowledge persist among physicians from multiple medical specialties. Prior clinical exposure was associated with higher knowledge scores, whereas specialty group, gender, and years of professional experience were not independently associated with physician knowledge. Targeted, practice-oriented educational interventions focusing on medication-related triggers and acute management may help bridge these knowledge gaps, complement experiential learning, and ultimately enhance patient safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15155995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1785757821000},"page":"5995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physician Awareness of Hereditary Angioedema: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Emphasis on Medication-Related Triggers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurgul","family":"Sevimli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir 21070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8272-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makbule Seda Bayrak","family":"Durmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir 21070, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda","family":"Alt\u0131ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06620, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-5-580","article-title":"Hereditary angioedema: The clinical syndrome and its management","volume":"84","author":"Frank","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. 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Rare Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5995\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:05:30Z","timestamp":1785758730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/15\/5995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15155995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15155995","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}