{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:44:47Z","timestamp":1785930287881,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"ANCHOR program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026-ANCHOR-10-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-ANCHOR-10-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is an uncommon vascular proliferation that, when it arises intraorally, is predominantly gingival; buccal mucosal involvement is rare. Extragingival PG in elderly patients may mimic malignant vascular tumors. Methods: We report a 69-year-old woman with a 1.0 cm ulcerated mass of the left lower buccal mucosa that enlarged after biting trauma. The excised lesion was examined histopathologically and by immunohistochemistry for CD31, CD34, D2-40, S100, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), Ki-67, and p53. Reports of buccal mucosal PG published up to December 2025 were reviewed. Results: The initial pathology report described an atypical vascular tumor with involved margins, requiring exclusion of hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse CD31 and CD34 positivity and preserved S100-positive perilesional nerve bundles, with absent HHV-8, a low Ki-67 index, and no aberrant p53 expression; the diagnosis was formally amended to PG. No recurrence occurred at 9 months despite involved margins. Among 11 previously reported cases, recurrence was documented in 6, none of which recurred. Conclusions: Buccal mucosal PG may mimic vascular malignancy in elderly patients, and immunohistochemistry can be decisive. Whether prognosis differs by site remains an open question requiring larger series.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15156095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:41:42Z","timestamp":1785926502000},"page":"6095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pyogenic Granuloma of the Buccal Mucosa Mimicking an Atypical Vascular Tumor: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2307-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye-Eun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Kangwon National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Jo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Kangwon National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Gon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Kangwon National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomeli Martinez, S.M., Carrillo Contreras, N.G., G\u00f3mez Sandoval, J.R., Zepeda Nu\u00f1o, J.S., Gomez Mireles, J.C., Varela Hern\u00e1ndez, J.J., Mercado-Gonz\u00e1lez, A.E., Bayardo Gonz\u00e1lez, R.A., and Guti\u00e9rrez-Maldonado, A.F. 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