{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:28:40Z","timestamp":1786444120703,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Stress is regarded as one of the natural and unavoidable elements of human life and, at the same time, one of the key determinants of physical and mental health. Stress is not a new phenomenon; it has accompanied human beings since the beginning of life as a reaction to everyday challenges. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of stress, as well as stress-coping strategies, in a group of patients treated for oncological reasons. Methods: The study included 108 patients hospitalized at the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Poland, in the following departments: the 2nd Department of General, Gastroenterological and Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery; the Department of Oncological Surgery; and the Department of Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation. Three standardized questionnaires were used: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), and the \u201cHow Do I Cope\u201d Inventory (JSR). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25; statistical significance was set at \u03b1 &lt; 0.05. Results: Patients treated for oncological reasons constitute a group exceptionally exposed to stress, which accompanies them at every stage of the disease, from diagnosis, through treatment, to the terminal phase. In patients whose treatment resulted in remission, stress related to the possibility of recurrence accompanies every follow-up examination and every worrying symptom. Given the range of situations that provoke stress, the overall level of stress in this group can be regarded as high. Stress-coping strategies among oncological patients are shaped by multiple factors, including selected sociodemographic characteristics; taking into account the diversity of these factors, coping strategies varied considerably across the sample. The level of coping strategies was not associated with age or sex but was significantly associated with educational attainment. Conclusions: Oncological patients experience a high and pervasive level of stress that persists throughout diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Stress-coping strategies are heterogeneous, are not determined by age or sex, but are shaped by education, indicating a need for individualized psychosocial and educational support integrated into routine oncological care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:11:16Z","timestamp":1786439476000},"page":"6213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived Stress, Type D Personality and Coping Strategies Among Hospitalized Oncology Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Robert Jan","family":"\u0141uczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0965-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"\u0141uczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Long-Term Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, 20-209 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Charuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jassem, J., and Kordek, R. (2019). Onkologia. Podr\u0119cznik dla Student\u00f3w i Lekarzy, Via Medica."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Krok, D. (2019). W Poszukiwaniu Znaczenia Choroby Nowotworowej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"119","article-title":"Stres a r\u00f3wnowaga \u017cyciowa","volume":"40","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud. Pr. Wydz. Nauk Ekon. Zarz\u0105dz."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"100","article-title":"Zasoby osobiste\u2014Pr\u0119\u017cno\u015b\u0107 i nadzieja\u2014A elastyczno\u015b\u0107 w radzeniu sobie: Moderuj\u0105ca rola poczucia stresu","volume":"21","author":"Kwiatkowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoonkologia"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"162","article-title":"Zr\u00f3\u017cnicowanie strategii radzenia sobie z nowotworem chorych w przebiegu wybranych nowotwor\u00f3w z\u0142o\u015bliwych","volume":"6","author":"Kozak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anestezjol. Ratow."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Hobfoll, S.E. (2009). Stres, Kultura, Spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107. Psychologia i Filozofia Stresu, GWP. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A Global Measure of Perceived Stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Juczy\u0144ski, Z., and Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N. (2009). Narz\u0119dzia Pomiaru Stresu i Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem, Pracownia Test\u00f3w Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49","article-title":"DS14: Standard Assessment of Negative Affectivity, Social Inhibition, and Type D Personality","volume":"67","author":"Denollet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2024.101546","article-title":"Trait Mindfulness and Social Support Predict Lower Perceived Stress Burden in Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017902117010271","article-title":"Association between Type-D Personality and Affective (Anxiety, Depression, Post-traumatic Stress) Symptoms and Maladaptive Coping in Breast Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"17","author":"Grassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9593","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29120754","article-title":"Personality Traits and Coping Strategies Relevant to Posttraumatic Growth in Patients with Cancer and Survivors: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"29","author":"Knauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0048","article-title":"Distress Management, Version 3.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"17","author":"Riba","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7358","article-title":"Update on the Implementation of NCCN Guidelines for Distress Management by NCCN Member Institutions","volume":"17","author":"Donovan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"407","article-title":"Addressing Distress Management Challenges: Recommendations from the Consensus Panel of the American Psychosocial Oncology Society and the Association of Oncology Social Work","volume":"71","author":"Deshields","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitch, M.I., Nicoll, I., and Burlein-Hall, S. (2024). Screening for Psychosocial Distress: A Brief Review with Implications for Oncology Nursing. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12212167"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:32:30Z","timestamp":1786440750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15166213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15166213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]}}}