{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:24:32Z","timestamp":1786973072474,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pediatric Takayasu arteritis (PTA) is a rare large-vessel vasculitis with limited data regarding neurological involvement. This study aimed to evaluate neurological manifestations and associated neuroimaging findings in a cohort of children with PTA. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 22 patients diagnosed with PTA and followed at a tertiary center between January 2000 and April 2025 were included. Neurological symptoms, examination findings, and neuroimaging data were reviewed. Angiographic involvement was classified according to the Numano classification. Results: Neurological involvement was identified in 5 patients (22.7%), including ischemic stroke (n = 3) and hypertensive encephalopathy (n = 2). Neurological symptoms were present in 15 patients (68.2%), with headache being the most common manifestation (54%). Other symptoms included dizziness, paresthesia, visual disturbances, syncope, and seizures. Neuroimaging revealed ischemic lesions in a subset of patients, as well as nonspecific white matter changes. Angiographic evaluation showed a predominance of extensive disease patterns, particularly Type V and Type IV involvement. Conclusions: Neurological manifestations in pediatric Takayasu arteritis are common but often nonspecific. However, severe complications such as stroke and hypertensive encephalopathy may occur and can be the initial presentation. Careful neurological evaluation and the use of neuroimaging are essential for early detection and appropriate management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:01:26Z","timestamp":1786968086000},"page":"6333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurological Complications in Pediatric Takayasu Arteritis: Insights from a Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4002-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esma","family":"Sengenc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-3457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sezgin","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7834-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1987-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huseyin","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8459-2872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenan","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8965-6668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nergis","family":"Akay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7984-4326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serdar","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgur","family":"Kasapcopur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Saltik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab406","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence rate of Takayasu arteritis","volume":"60","author":"Rutter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq167","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis in children and adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Brunner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001113","article-title":"Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis","volume":"34","author":"Millan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.37275\/ijr.v10i2.102","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis: A diagnostic approach","volume":"10","author":"Chair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indones. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, R.A.G., and Katsicas, M.M. (2018). Takayasu arteritis. Front. Pediatr., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00265"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aeschlimann, F.A., Yeung, R.S.M., and Laxer, R.M. (2022). An update on childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis. Front. Pediatr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.872313"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396318666220304205518","article-title":"Pediatric Takayasu arteritis: A review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Haslak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.02.011","article-title":"Updates in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Takayasu arteritis","volume":"35","author":"Serra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peremans, L., Twilt, M., Benseler, S.M., Grisaru, S., Kirton, A., Myers, K.A., and Hamiwka, L. (2024). Real-world biomarkers for pediatric Takayasu arteritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137345"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034445","article-title":"Cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with Takayasu arteritis","volume":"53","author":"Mirouse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Feng, Y., Zhang, W., Li, H., Zhang, K., and Wu, Z. (2021). Physical exercise in managing Takayasu arteritis patients complicated with cardiovascular diseases. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.603354"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-024-03472-2","article-title":"Cerebrovascular implications of Takayasu arteritis: A review","volume":"67","author":"Samaan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"192","article-title":"MR imaging and angiography of primary CNS vasculitis of childhood","volume":"27","author":"Aviv","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073821991287","article-title":"Neuroimaging of children with Takayasu arteritis","volume":"36","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979704800501","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Takayasu arteritis in India and Japan\u2014New classification of angiographic findings","volume":"48","author":"Moriwaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.202580","article-title":"Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis: Unique characteristics and outcomes from a Singapore cohort","volume":"54","author":"Yap","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"798","article-title":"EULAR\/PRINTO\/PRES criteria for childhood Takayasu arteritis","volume":"69","author":"Ruperto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25003","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2025.0003","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis with neurological manifestations: Clinical and neurovascular imaging characteristics","volume":"12","author":"Shahin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0545-1","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis in childhood: Retrospective experience from a tertiary referral centre in the United Kingdom","volume":"17","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1790-x","article-title":"Clinical course and prognostic factors of childhood Takayasu arteritis: Over 15-year comprehensive analysis of 101 patients","volume":"21","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2151-9","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A case-based review","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2025.105951","article-title":"An update on stroke and transient ischemic attack in Takayasu arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-324","article-title":"Vessel wall MR imaging for the detection of intracranial inflammatory vasculopathies","volume":"10","author":"Edjlali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"145","article-title":"Brazilian multicenter study of 71 patients with juvenile-onset Takayasu arteritis","volume":"56","author":"Clemente","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Reum. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04424-z","article-title":"Age-specific clinical manifestations and vascular involvements in childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis","volume":"99","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, A., Emery, D., and Clifford, A. (2021). Intracranial involvement in Takayasu arteritis. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11111997"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa569","article-title":"Clinical course of 602 patients with Takayasu\u2019s arteritis","volume":"60","author":"Danda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/kr357t","article-title":"Is Takayasu arteritis more severe in children?","volume":"39","author":"Bolek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6333\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1786969658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15166333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15166333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]}}}