{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:33:57Z","timestamp":1787045637692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific T-cell engagers have transformed treatment of relapsed and refractory hematologic malignancies, achieving unprecedented response rates. However, their clinical adoption has revealed a complex spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities, differing in frequency and pattern between the two technologies. Manifestations range from common hemodynamic perturbations\u2014hypotension and tachycardia\u2014to severe events, including malignant arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock. These complications seem to have different pathophysiological pathways that are yet to be completely understood: on the one hand, they are frequently intertwined with cytokine release syndrome, the hallmark immune complication of T-cell-redirecting therapies, as seen with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; on the other, a substantial proportion of cardiovascular events\u2014particularly with bispecific T-cell engagers\u2014occur independently of cytokine release syndrome. Proposed cardiotoxic mechanisms include on-target, off-tumor antigen recognition and consequent damage; interleukin-6-driven systemic inflammation; and off-target, off-tumor antigen cross-reactivity. Effective management requires proactive baseline risk stratification, serial cardiac biomarker monitoring, and timely immunosuppressive intervention\u2014primarily tocilizumab\u2014to mitigate cytokine release syndrome-driven injury. Despite rapid clinical expansion, critical gaps remain: long-term cardiovascular outcomes are poorly characterized, validated surveillance protocols are lacking, and cardiovascular endpoints are rarely included in pivotal trials. This narrative review appraises the pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, and management of cardiovascular toxicities associated with these therapies, aiming to define this emerging cardio-oncology frontier, inform multidisciplinary care frameworks and propose a clinical management algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:06:41Z","timestamp":1787044001000},"page":"6371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The New Cardio-Oncology Frontier in Hematologic Cancers: Cardiovascular Toxicities of CAR-T Cells and Bispecific T-Cell Engagers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29121 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2895-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Pasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Talassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1412-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Barocelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Fabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Quagliariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Maurea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Canale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Versilia Hospital, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Niccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Aschieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29121 Piacenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.19462","article-title":"CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer: A Translational Science Review","volume":"332","author":"Brudno","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.93","article-title":"Bispecific T-cell Engagpers for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"93","author":"Huehls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. 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