{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:26:33Z","timestamp":1787052393829,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents an increasingly prevalent clinical syndrome, driven by population ageing and the growing burden of cardiometabolic comorbidities, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Due to its heterogeneous pathophysiology and the frequent absence of overt structural abnormalities, early diagnosis and accurate risk stratification remain challenging. In the current era of emerging disease-modifying therapies, the identification of sensitive imaging markers able to detect early myocardial dysfunction and refine patient characterization has become increasingly important. Speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a valuable tool for the comprehensive evaluation of HFpEF, allowing the assessment of subclinical myocardial impairment beyond conventional parameters. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) identifies subtle systolic dysfunction despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and provides incremental diagnostic and prognostic information. Accordingly, LV-GLS has been incorporated into contemporary diagnostic algorithms and may represent a promising marker for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. Beyond the left ventricle (LV), left atrial (LA) strain has gained increasing relevance as a marker of atrial myopathy and elevated filling pressures. Left atrial reservoir strain (LARS) detects early atrial dysfunction before overt structural remodelling, improves the identification of HFpEF in patients with unexplained dyspnoea, and provides additional prognostic information, including prediction of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk. Moreover, right ventricular free-wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) allows early recognition of right ventricular involvement and has shown important prognostic implications, particularly in relation to pulmonary vascular dysfunction and exercise intolerance. Overall, a multi-chamber strain-based approach may improve HFpEF diagnosis, phenotyping, and risk stratification, supporting a transition toward a more personalized management strategy. Further prospective studies are needed to define the role of strain imaging in guiding therapeutic decisions and monitoring treatment response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:22:52Z","timestamp":1787048572000},"page":"6377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Usefulness of Strain Echocardiography in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Pastore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8439-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa","family":"Carmona De Azevedo Bellagamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Stefanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Elena","family":"Mandoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Cavigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"D\u2019Ascenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Focardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3872-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.049","article-title":"Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Scientific Statement","volume":"81","author":"Borlaug","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-021-00530-1","article-title":"Echocardiographic Longitudinal Strain Analysis in Heart Failure: Real Usefulness for Clinical Management Beyond Diagnostic Value and Prognostic Correlations? A Comprehensive Review","volume":"18","author":"Sanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.2162","article-title":"Ejection Fraction Pros and Cons: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"72","author":"Marwick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.06.004","article-title":"Use of speckle tracking to assess heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"74","author":"Hiebert","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastorini, G., Anastasio, F., and Feola, M. (2023). What Strain Analysis Adds to Diagnosis and Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030836"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007249","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.007249","article-title":"Incremental Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Strain in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure","volume":"11","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13446","article-title":"Reproducibility and experience dependence of echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function: Side-by-side comparison of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction","volume":"34","author":"Medvedofsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn141","article-title":"Preserved left ventricular twist and circumferential deformation, but depressed longitudinal and radial deformation in patients with diastolic heart failure","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2025.0052","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Heart Failure: From Diagnosis to Prognostication","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000630","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000630","article-title":"Left ventricular longitudinal systolic function analysed by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz641","article-title":"How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm","volume":"40","author":"Pieske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15383","article-title":"Age-adjusted natriuretic peptide thresholds for a diagnosis of heart failure in the community: Diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.09.055","article-title":"Myocardial Work Appraisal in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis and Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"208","author":"Trimarchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Gregorio, C., Trimarchi, G., Faro, D.C., Poleggi, C., Teresi, L., De Gaetano, F., Zito, C., Lofrumento, F., Koniari, I., and Licordari, R. (2024). Systemic Vascular Resistance and Myocardial Work Analysis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202403.0569.v1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016975","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016975","article-title":"Prognostic Value of LV Global Longitudinal Strain by 2D and 3D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with HFpEF","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005521","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005521","article-title":"Global Longitudinal Strain by Echocardiography Predicts Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in a Low-Risk General Population: The Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Olsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Liu, H., and Chen, R. (2026). Long-term SGLT2 inhibitor therapy improves myocardial strain and diastolic function in HFpEF: A retrospective study linking functional recovery to reduced myocardial fibrosis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1858364"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.059","article-title":"Left Atrial Structure and Function, and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"73","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s44156-024-00051-2","article-title":"The assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: Guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Echo Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.06.08","article-title":"Left atrial function: Evaluation by strain analysis","volume":"8","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016549","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016549","article-title":"Impaired Left Atrial Reserve Function in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"17","author":"Kagami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13143","article-title":"Left atrial function and maximal exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved and mid-range ejection fraction","volume":"8","author":"Maffeis","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa415","article-title":"Determinants of left atrial reservoir and pump strain and use of atrial strain for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.074974","article-title":"New Algorithm for Estimating Left Ventricular Filling Pressure by Echocardiography","volume":"152","author":"Lababidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab154","article-title":"Multimodality imaging in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: An expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"23","author":"Smiseth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-024-01911-4","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and left atrial function","volume":"48","author":"Miyata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.04.014","article-title":"Early detection of left atrial strain abnormalities by speckle-tracking in hypertensive and diabetic patients with normal left atrial size","volume":"24","author":"Mondillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2008.00805.x","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of left ventricular and left atrial functions by strain rate imaging in diabetic patients with and without hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Muranaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2013.08.005","article-title":"Contribution of obesity to left atrial and left ventricular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with hypertension: A two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic study","volume":"8","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.11.035","article-title":"Effect of Obesity on Left Atrial Strain in Persons Aged 35-55 Years (The Asklepios Study)","volume":"123","author":"Chirinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac036","article-title":"Left atrial reservoir strain improves diagnostic accuracy of the 2016 ASE\/EACVI diastolic algorithm in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: Insights from the KARUM haemodynamic database","volume":"23","author":"Venkateshvaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J.-Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2025.102681","article-title":"Calculation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure including left atrial function is superior to morphology alone and accurately identifies elevated filling pressures in left heart disease","volume":"28","author":"Backhaus","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf044","article-title":"A scoring system for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on exercise echocardiography","volume":"26","author":"Kagami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01948-9","article-title":"Left atrial strain imaging differentiates cardiac amyloidosis and hypertensive heart disease","volume":"37","author":"Rausch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monte, I.P., Faro, D.C., Trimarchi, G., de Gaetano, F., Campisi, M., Losi, V., Teresi, L., Di Bella, G., Tamburino, C., and de Gregorio, C. (2023). Left Atrial Strain Imaging by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: The Supportive Diagnostic Value in Cardiac Amyloidosis and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10060261"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1643","article-title":"Left atrial function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001422","article-title":"Speckle tracking echocardiography in early disease stages: A therapy modifier?","volume":"24","author":"Mandoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.147","article-title":"Impaired left atrial function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1399","article-title":"Impaired left atrial strain predicts abnormal exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"21","author":"Telles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46198","DOI":"10.31083\/RCM46198","article-title":"Left Atrial Reservoir Strain in Cardiovascular and Systemic Disease: Advances and Clinical Applications from Physiology to Practice","volume":"26","author":"Sonaglioni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"e016197","article-title":"Left Atrial Strain Predicts Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Long-term Continuous Monitoring in Elderly High-Risk Individuals","volume":"17","author":"Olsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.03.010","article-title":"Left atrial strain provides incremental value for embolism risk stratification over CHA2DS2-VASc score and indicates prognostic impact in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Obokata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.463125","article-title":"Atrial myocardial deformation properties predict maintenance of sinus rhythm after external cardioversion of recent-onset lone atrial fibrillation: A color Doppler myocardial imaging and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic study","volume":"112","author":"Caso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barilli, M., Mandoli, G.E., Sisti, N., Dokollari, A., Ghionzoli, N., Soliman-Aboumarie, H., D\u2019Ascenzi, F., Focardi, M., Cavigli, L., and Pastore, M.C. (2024). Potential Role of Left Atrial Strain to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Catheter Ablation Therapy: A Clinical and Systematic Review. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11070203"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2020.02.016","article-title":"Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain and Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"33","author":"Lejeune","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e032201","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032201","article-title":"Early Alteration of Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Experimental Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"13","author":"Hubesch","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, M., Wu, W., He, L., Gao, L., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Qian, M., Wang, J., Zhang, L., and Xie, M. (2022). Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Heart Failure. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020445"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadic, M., Nita, N., Schneider, L., Kersten, J., Buckert, D., Gonska, B., Scharnbeck, D., Reichart, C., Belyavskiy, E., and Cuspidi, C. (2021). The Predictive Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Pulmonary Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Valvular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.698158"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H636","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01376.2006","article-title":"The quantitative relationship between longitudinal and radial function in left, right, and total heart pumping in humans","volume":"293","author":"Carlsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.05.022","article-title":"Forgotten No More: A Focused Update on the Right Ventricle in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"6","author":"Amsallem","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87032-5","article-title":"Insights from serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging show early progress in diastolic dysfunction relates to impaired right ventricular deformation","volume":"15","author":"Backhaus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.06.011","article-title":"Head-to-Head Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain Measurements among Nine Different Vendors: The EACVI\/ASE Inter-Vendor Comparison Study","volume":"28","author":"Farsalinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf155","article-title":"Vendor differences in 2D-speckle tracking global longitudinal strain: An update on a 10-year standardization effort","volume":"26","author":"Balinisteanu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"qyae061","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae061","article-title":"Unveiling the reliability of left atrial strain measurement: A dedicated speckle tracking software perspective in controls and cases","volume":"2","author":"Mandoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Imaging Methods Pract."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001354","article-title":"Speckle-Tracking Strain Echocardiography for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Structure and Function: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"152","author":"Mihos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeag006","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Strain Echocardiography: A Clinical Consensus Statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"27","author":"Thomas","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6377\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:35:30Z","timestamp":1787049330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/16\/6377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15166377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15166377","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}}}