{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:23:50Z","timestamp":1787073830967,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3085\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3085\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["3085\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3085\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sazxf24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ariane de Rothschild Women Doctoral Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Maternal bonding is a key determinant of maternal and infant well-being, yet little is known about preconception factors that shape its development. Learned helplessness (LH), a stable cognitive vulnerability characterized by perceived uncontrollability and diminished efficacy, may predispose women to poorer maternal bonding. This study examined whether preconception LH predicts antenatal and postpartum bonding and whether this association is mediated by antenatal bonding and prenatal affective symptoms. Methods: A sample of 151 euthymic, nulliparous women was followed prospectively from preconception through pregnancy and postpartum, completing questionnaires assessing LH, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and antenatal and postpartum bonding. Analyses used structural equation modeling, linear mixed-effects models, hierarchical regression, and parallel mediation. Results: LH showed high stability from preconception to postpartum (r = 0.71), with no mean-level change, whereas affective symptoms increased. Antenatal bonding predicted postpartum bonding (\u03b2 = 0.52, p &lt; 0.001). Higher preconception LH predicted lower antenatal bonding (b = \u22120.20, p = 0.002) and lower postpartum bonding (b = \u22120.29, p &lt; 0.001), beyond affective symptoms in the corresponding period. The LH\u2013postpartum bonding association was partially mediated by antenatal bonding (\u03b2 = \u22120.10, p = 0.005), but not by prenatal depression or anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Preconception LH reflects a stable cognitive vulnerability linked to poorer maternal bonding. Its association with postpartum bonding was partly mediated by antenatal bonding, but not by prenatal affective symptoms, suggesting that LH\u2019s relevance to postpartum bonding begins when the maternal bond develops during pregnancy. Assessing LH before conception or early in pregnancy may help identify vulnerability to lower bonding, beyond current affective symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:12:11Z","timestamp":1787069531000},"page":"6391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preconception Learned Helplessness as a Cognitive Vulnerability to Lower Maternal Bonding Across the Perinatal Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moriah","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Florentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Psychiatry Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Elbaz Hemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamuz","family":"Weinberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Yakirevich Amir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Avirame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Sido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atira","family":"Bick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6111-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Netta","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inbal","family":"Reuveni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Psychiatry Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiri","family":"Ben-David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0132-1","article-title":"The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: A Validation","volume":"9","author":"Brockington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. 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