{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:24:25Z","timestamp":1787246665090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bausch Health, Canada, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonadherence to medications for psychosis is a major challenge in the management of schizophrenia and is associated with an increased risk of relapse, hospitalization, functional deterioration, and premature death. Although long-acting injectable (LAI) medications for psychosis improve treatment continuity, important differences exist among LAIs regarding initiation regimen, attainment of therapeutic blood level exposure, and steady state, dosing, and switching. Risperidone ISM\u00ae is an intramuscular LAI administered every four weeks, designed to provide rapid and sustained therapeutic exposure without the need for loading doses or oral supplementation. This narrative review translates the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of risperidone ISM\u00ae into expert-informed guidance for treatment initiation, dose optimization, switching, and ongoing schizophrenia management. Risperidone ISM\u00ae achieves therapeutic exposure within hours of administration and maintains plasma concentrations and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy at levels associated with antipsychotic efficacy throughout the dosing interval, supporting continuous antipsychotic coverage and stability. Its PK profile, as characterized in clinical studies, and simplified initiation regimen may facilitate clinical decision-making across treatment settings, including transitions from oral risperidone or other medications for psychosis and continuity of care following hospitalization or relapse, while supporting symptom stability, functioning, and patient engagement. By translating PK\/PD characteristics into practical clinical implications, this review aims to support clinicians in optimizing the use of risperidone ISM\u00ae as part of individualized, recovery-oriented care in the short- and long-term management of people living with schizophrenia across settings. The recommendations presented reflect expert interpretation of the available PK\/PD, clinical trial, observational, and product-label evidence, supplemented by clinical experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:37:52Z","timestamp":1787074672000},"page":"6393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Translating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics into Clinical Decision-Making: A Practical Guide to the Use of Risperidone ISM\u00ae in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Solmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SCIENCES Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\u2014Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4192-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Corbeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCIENCES Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00efa","family":"Miguelez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bausch Health, Canada, Inc., Laval, QC H7L 4A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4348-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ric M.","family":"Procyshyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Blier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Care Center, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bausch Health, Canada, Inc., Laval, QC H7L 4A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph U.","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\u2014Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY 11004, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Einstein Center for Youth Mental Health (ECYM), 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02299-8","article-title":"Risperidone ISM as a new option in the clinical management of schizophrenia: A narrative review","volume":"39","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. 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