{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:27:28Z","timestamp":1787372848749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02t4ekc95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves neuroinflammation, demyelination and hemostatic disturbances linked to blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption and the resulting neurovascular dysfunction. Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is used as an adjunct therapy; however, its influence on coagulation and fibrinolysis remains unclear. This study evaluated the hemostatic effects of a 10-session WBC protocol in MS and non-MS participants. Methods: Seventy-two adults (MS n = 29; non-MS n = 43) underwent 10 consecutive WBC sessions (3 min, \u2212120 \u00b0C to \u2212130 \u00b0C). Blood samples were collected at baseline (T1), after the 10th session (T2), and 10 days later (T3). Hemostatic parameters were evaluated using plasma coagulation times (PT, TT, aPTT), as well as thrombus formation under flow conditions (T-TAS\u00ae) and Clot Formation and Fibrinolysis (CFF). Results: WBC induced mild alterations in coagulation times, particularly within the extrinsic (PT) and final fibrin-generation (TT) pathways, without affecting the intrinsic pathway (aPTT). No significant changes in thrombus formation or fibrinolysis were detected in T-TAS\u00ae or CFF methods, suggesting preserved overall hemostatic balance. Conclusions: In both groups, a 10-session WBC protocol did not disrupt global hemostatic function, despite minor changes in several coagulation parameters. These findings support the hemostatic safety of WBC and indicate that the intervention does not promote a prothrombotic state in patients with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15166425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:10:20Z","timestamp":1787213420000},"page":"6425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC) on Hemostatic Parameters in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9651-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Zieli\u0144ska-Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 90-001 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lipert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Prevention Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8849-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kolodziejczyk-Czepas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1197-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Saluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 90-001 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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