{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:19:40Z","timestamp":1788326380703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004747","name":"John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qyefj88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Female infertility represents a significant public health issue. Available evidence supports the hypothesis that the gut microbiota may play an essential role in women\u2019s reproductive health and may serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in specific gynecological disorders. A substantial part of current research concerns disturbed communication between the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013ovarian axis and the gut microbiota, providing the basis for analyzing this phenomenon as the gut\u2013ovary axis or the gut\u2013vagina\u2013ovary axis. The primary aim of this scoping review was to map the available evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and female infertility, with particular emphasis on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, currently polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, PMOS) endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using terms related to gut microbiota, female infertility, PCOS, endometriosis, and uterine leiomyomas. Peer-reviewed publications in English published between 2015 and 2025 were considered. The included studies were descriptively synthesized to identify recurring microbiota patterns and research gaps. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may be associated with selected gynecological disorders affecting fertility, including PCOS, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. The gut microbiome may have potential value as a biomarker supporting diagnosis, treatment selection, and prognosis. Conclusions: The gut microbiome represents a promising but still insufficiently validated area in the management of gynecological diseases associated with female infertility. Further high-quality clinical studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of microbiome-based therapies and to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing infertility associated with gut dysbiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15176705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:45:13Z","timestamp":1788241513000},"page":"6705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut Dysbiosis in Selected Gynecological Diseases Associated with Female Infertility: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5931-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Warcho\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6767-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ku\u017aniar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1531-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Zimo\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142 M.","family":"Skoczylas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Marzec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Jegorow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Z.","family":"Warcho\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 20-340 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Kuranty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0552-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Olcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-01966-7","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of infertility, 1990\u20132021, and 15-year forecasts: An analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. 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