{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1788869468938,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To compare sleep quality, psychological resilience, and attachment dimensions between women with unexplained infertility and those with male factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 201 women undergoing IVF (101 with unexplained and 100 with male factor infertility) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Experiences in Close Relationships\u2013Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) questionnaire. Poor sleep quality was defined as a global PSQI score greater than 5. The primary outcome was the global PSQI score. Between-group comparisons were supplemented by multivariable analyses adjusted for age, economic status, chronic disease, infertility duration, and number of previous IVF attempts. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in most baseline characteristics, although low economic status was more frequent in the male factor group (34.0% vs. 15.8%; p = 0.008). The median global PSQI score did not differ significantly between the unexplained and male factor groups (6.0 vs. 5.0; p = 0.143). Poor sleep quality was observed in 51.5% and 42.0% of women, respectively (p = 0.178), with an overall prevalence of 46.8% (95% CI, 40.0\u201353.7%). Psychological resilience (3.33 vs. 3.17; p = 0.474), attachment avoidance (9.0 vs. 9.5; p = 0.336), and attachment anxiety (3.0 vs. 3.0; p = 0.648) did not differ significantly between the groups. After adjustment, unexplained infertility was not significantly associated with global PSQI score (\u03b2 = 0.76, 95% CI \u22120.17 to 1.69; p = 0.110) or poor sleep quality (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.24, 95% CI 0.92\u20131.67; p = 0.162). Conclusions: Women with unexplained and male factor infertility undergoing IVF showed similar patterns of sleep quality, psychological resilience, and attachment dimensions, with no statistically significant between-group differences detected. Poor sleep quality affected nearly half of the study population. These findings should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence between infertility etiologies but highlight the potential relevance of sleep assessment in women undergoing IVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15186953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:23:51Z","timestamp":1788866631000},"page":"6953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep Quality, Psychological Resilience, and Attachment Dimensions in Women with Unexplained and Male Factor Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"T\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fc Kalkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Ta\u015fkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Sucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cengiz G\u00f6k\u00e7ek Kad\u0131n Hastal\u0131klar\u0131, Do\u011fum ve \u00c7ocuk Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2569-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Keklik\u00e7io\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Poyraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selcan","family":"S\u0131nac\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8342-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilg\u0131n","family":"T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fco\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep \u015eehir Hastanesi, 27470 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, April 04). 1 in 6 People Globally Affected by Infertility: WHO. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/04-04-2023-1-in-6-people-globally-affected-by-infertility."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"Wyns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180802049187","article-title":"Quality of life and sexual functioning of Polish infertile couples","volume":"13","author":"Drosdzol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9737","article-title":"The complex relationship between infertility and psychological distress (Review)","volume":"21","author":"Simionescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060520932403","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520932403","article-title":"Psychological aspects of infertility. A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Szkodziak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)00102-0","article-title":"Infertility and psychological distress: A critical review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Greil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aimagambetova, G., Issanov, A., Terzic, S., Bapayeva, G., Ukybassova, T., Baikoshkarova, S., Aldiyarova, A., Shauyen, F., and Terzic, M. (2020). The effect of psychological distress on IVF outcomes: Reality or speculations?. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242024"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2305-0500.250416","article-title":"Infertility in China: Culture, society and a need for fertility counselling","volume":"8","author":"Logan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e057132","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057132","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hazlina","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.003","article-title":"Suicidal risk among infertile women undergoing in-vitro fertilization: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"240","author":"Shani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.08.012","article-title":"A systematic review and narrative report of the relationship between infertility, subfertility, and intimate partner violence","volume":"133","author":"Stellar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew315","article-title":"COMPI fertility problem stress scales is a brief, valid and reliable tool for assessing stress in patients seeking treatment","volume":"32","author":"Sobral","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2025.101072","article-title":"The impact of infertility on the mental health of women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment","volume":"43","author":"Moutzouroulia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex. Reprod. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Huang, Y., Xu, S., and Wang, Y. (2024). Sleep disturbances and female infertility: A systematic review. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03508-y"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100151","article-title":"Determining the relationship between sleep quality and reproductive health issues in fertile and infertile men and women: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Habibi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med. X"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12306","article-title":"Somatic symptoms, psychological distress and sleep disturbance among infertile women with intrauterine insemination treatment","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22534-0","article-title":"Women\u2019s quality of sleep and in vitro fertilization success","volume":"12","author":"Reschini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00889-3","article-title":"Impact of sleep patterns upon female neuroendocrinology and reproductive outcomes: A comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Beroukhim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01550-6","article-title":"Effect of resilience on infertile couples\u2019 quality of life: An actor-partner interdependence model approach","volume":"18","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, K., Dou, S., Qin, W., Zhao, D., Zheng, W., Wang, D., Zhang, C., Guan, Y., and Tian, P. (2024). Association between quality of life and resilience in infertile patients: A systematic review. Front. Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1345899"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526","article-title":"Resilience to Loss and Potential Trauma. Resilience to loss and potential trauma","volume":"7","author":"Bonanno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Zhouchen, Y.-B., Luo, Y., Wang, S.-Y., Redding, S.R., Ouyang, Y.-Q., and Fu, D. (2025). Relationship Between Resilience and Fertility Quality of Life in Infertile Women: Mediating Roles of Infertility Self-Efficacy and Infertility Coping. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13202589"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, C., and Wang, L. (2024). Role of social support in the relationship between resilience and sleep quality among cancer patients. Front. Psychiatry, 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1310118"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.004","article-title":"Resilience is associated with low psychological distress in renal transplant recipients","volume":"39","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.056","article-title":"Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Chinese children","volume":"211","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Z., Hou, S., Zhang, Y., and Zong, L. (2024). The mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationship between sleep quality and psychological distress in Chinese women with infertility. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03018-x"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.11.052","article-title":"Well-Being and Relationship Satisfaction of Couples Dealing with an In Vitro Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Procedure: A Multilevel Approach on the Role of Self-Criticism, Dependency, and Romantic Attachment","volume":"91","author":"Lowyck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Sadness and Depression, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.04.006","article-title":"Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships","volume":"13","author":"Simpson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salter Ainsworth, M.D., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., and Wall, S.N. (2015). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation, Psychology Press.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203758045"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remondi, C., Casu, G., Pozzi, C., Greco, F., Gremigni, P., and Brugnera, A. (2023). A serial mediation model of insecure attachment and psychological distress: The role of dispositional shame and shame-coping styles. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043193"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.02.021","article-title":"The role of insecure attachment and psychological mechanisms in paranoid and depressive symptoms: An exploratory model","volume":"243","author":"Trucharte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"347","article-title":"Relationship between coping\/attachment styles and infertility-specific distress in Iranian infertile individuals: A cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Elyasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"100245","article-title":"Relationship beliefs, attachment styles and depression among infertile women","volume":"20","author":"Mobeen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. X"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"31","article-title":"Predict adjustment to infertility based on attachment styles in infertile women","volume":"7","author":"Besharat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frooyesh"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70073","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.70073","article-title":"Attachment Dimensions and Infertility: Exploring Psychological Outcomes Through Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"51","author":"Tacchino","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Marital Fam. Ther."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Guideline Group on Unexplained Infertility, Romualdi, D., Ata, B., Bhattacharya, S., Bosch, E., Costello, M., Gersak, K., Homburg, R., Mincheva, M., and Norman, R.J. (2023). Evidence-based guideline: Unexplained infertility. Hum. Reprod., 38, 1881\u20131890.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, World Health Organization. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"107","article-title":"Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi \u0130ndeksi\u2019nin ge\u00e7erli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi","volume":"7","author":"Kara","year":"1996","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatr. Derg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972","article-title":"The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"93","article-title":"K\u0131sa Psikolojik Sa\u011flaml\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e uyarlamas\u0131: Ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Happiness Well-Being"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022898","article-title":"The Experiences in Close Relationships\u2013Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships","volume":"23","author":"Fraley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21582440211006056","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440211006056","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships\u2013Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS)","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617697177","article-title":"Equivalence Tests: A Practical Primer for t Tests, Correlations, and Meta-Analyses","volume":"8","author":"Lakens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q.-L., Wang, C., Cao, K.-X., Zhang, L., Xu, Y.-S., Chang, L., Liu, Z.-H., Yang, A.-J., and Xue, Y.-X. (2023). Sleep characteristics before assisted reproductive technology treatment predict reproductive outcomes: A prospective cohort study of Chinese infertile women. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1178396"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, D., Hu, S., Fu, B., Yang, Q., Huang, R., Huang, J., and Shen, Q. (2025). Perceived infertility-related stress, partner attachment, and psychological distress among women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment: A latent profile and mediation analysis. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04172-6"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"205","article-title":"Correlation of the etiology of infertility with life satisfaction and mood disorders in couples who undergo assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"11","author":"Navid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani, F., Iranifard, E., and Roudsari, R.L. (2025). Gender differences in psychological status of infertile couples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23314-x"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10336","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and sleep health: A narrative synthesis of 3 decades of empirical research","volume":"19","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martiadis, V., Pessina, E., Martini, A., Marzolla, M., Bergesio, C., Barbaro, F., Cavallo, A., Raffone, F., and Cattaneo, C.I. (2026). Insomnia Severity in Psychiatric Outpatients: Real-World Insomnia Severity Index Data from an Italian Community Mental Health Center. Brain Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16060617"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev177","article-title":"ESHRE guideline: Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction\u2014A guide for fertility staff","volume":"30","author":"Gameiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martiadis, V., Raffone, F., Testa, S., Iaccarino, C., Giunnelli, P., Orrico, A., Carbone, E., Clemente, S., De Simone, C., and Massa, A. (2026). Integrating Psychiatric, Psychotherapeutic, and Nursing Care in Intranasal Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041629"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivola, M., Mazzoni, F., Tarantino, B., Guffanti, A., Marcatili, M., Macellaro, M., Girone, N., Martiadis, V., Raffone, F., and Prodi, T. (2025). Personalizing esketamine treatment in TRD and TRBD: The role of mentalization, cognitive rigidity, psychache, and suicidality. Front. Psychiatry, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1736114"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, P.L., Saunders, P., Mizzi, S., and Hallam, K.T. (2025). The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-04054-x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/18\/6953\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:35:30Z","timestamp":1788867330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/18\/6953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15186953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15186953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}