{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:11:33Z","timestamp":1789035093279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to persistent airway inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and inflammatory pathways extending beyond classical type 2 immunity. However, the distribution of circulating IL-17 across clinically distinct upper- and lower-airway disease phenotypes remains incompletely characterized. This study compared serum IL-17 concentrations in allergic rhinitis, non-allergic asthma, allergic asthma associated with allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included 88 adults: allergic rhinitis (n = 31), non-allergic asthma (n = 15), allergic asthma associated with allergic rhinitis (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 20). Serum IL-17 concentrations were measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall group differences were assessed using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, followed by Holm-adjusted pairwise Mann\u2013Whitney U tests. Results: Serum IL-17 concentrations differed significantly across the four groups (Kruskal\u2013Wallis H = 12.981, p = 0.0047). Median IL-17 concentrations were 126.21 pg\/mL in non-allergic asthma, 50.97 pg\/mL in allergic rhinitis, 54.72 pg\/mL in allergic asthma associated with allergic rhinitis, and 0.00 pg\/mL in healthy controls. Each disease group had significantly higher IL-17 than controls after Holm correction (adjusted p = 0.0103, 0.0172, and 0.0196, respectively), whereas the three disease phenotypes did not differ significantly from one another. Conclusions: Circulating IL-17 concentrations were higher in allergic rhinitis, non-allergic asthma, and allergic asthma associated with allergic rhinitis than in healthy controls. However, the substantial overlap among disease phenotypes and the absence of statistically significant between-phenotype differences should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence or a shared biological mechanism. These findings should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in larger, prospectively characterized cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15187003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1789031583000},"page":"7003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating Interleukin-17 Across Airway Disease Phenotypes: A Single-Center Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7255-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina","family":"Porr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Allergology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Bulevardul Corneliu Coposu 2\u20134, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1552-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin-Cristian","family":"Iovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department III Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre of Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Vidrighin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9991-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi M.","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, \u201cFoi\u0219or\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular Tuberculosis, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Mariana","family":"Iancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Bulevardul Corneliu Coposu 2\u20134, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0820-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmina","family":"Diaconu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital Sibiu, Bulevardul Corneliu Coposu 2\u20134, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Nursing and Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 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Pract."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/18\/7003\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:43:32Z","timestamp":1789033412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/18\/7003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15187003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15187003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}