{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:12:31Z","timestamp":1789035151268,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes accounts for the development of a substantial portion of anogenital and oropharyngeal malignancies. Patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, including transplant recipients and patients affected by rare diseases, are vulnerable to particularly severe clinical manifestations of infection. While HPV vaccination constitutes primary prevention, patients with HPV-associated disease remain at risk of reinfection or subsequent infection with alternative genotypes following surgical treatment and may benefit from peri-operative vaccination regimens. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes of HPV vaccination following surgical management of condyloma acuminata in patients with concurrent high-risk genotype infection. Methods: 350 patients with condyloma acuminata and HPV-16 or -18 co-infection confirmed by histopathological examination and PCR genotyping (oral cavity, vulva, vagina, penis, anoderma), including a subgroup with primary or acquired immunodeficiency or chronic immunosuppressive regimens, underwent surgical treatment, receiving simultaneous immunization with the first dose (subsequent completion of full regimen over 12 months) of the bivalent Cervarix vaccine (170 patients) or the quadrivalent Gardasil vaccine (180 patients). A follow-up examination, including HPV genotyping (16\/18\/31\/35), was performed after 6 and 12 months following regimen completion. After 36 months, a standard clinical examination was performed, and in doubtful cases, supplemented with genotyping and biopsy\/cytology. Observation was continued in subsequent years (5, 10, and &gt;15 years). Results: Condyloma acuminata requiring removal were observed in 5% of the patients in follow-up at 36 months, with no significant statistical difference between vaccine groups. No cellular atypia or malignant transformation in the form of squamous cell carcinoma was observed. Genotyping did not detect HPV-16\/18\/31\/35 infection in the follow-up examinations. Conclusions: In this uncontrolled, single-arm cohort, peri-operative initiation of either the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine was associated with a low rate of clinically apparent condyloma acuminata recurrence and no detectable HPV-16\/18\/31\/35 infection during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15187005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1789031583000},"page":"7005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Follow-Up After Surgical Treatment of Anogenital and Oropharyngeal Condyloma Acuminata with Simultaneous HPV Vaccination Initiation in Patients with Concurrent HPV-16 or -18 Co-Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Wojciula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, St. John Paul II Mazovian Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Poniatowskiego Street 26, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Warsaw Medical Innovation Center JSC, B\u00e9li Bart\u00f3ka 8\/25, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6528-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Bartoszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw Medical Innovation Center JSC, B\u00e9li Bart\u00f3ka 8\/25, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wojciula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw Medical Innovation Center JSC, B\u00e9li Bart\u00f3ka 8\/25, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Vascular Surgery, St. John Paul II Mazovian Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Poniatowskiego Street 26, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, St. John Paul II Mazovian Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Poniatowskiego Street 26, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Fiedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw Medical Innovation Center JSC, B\u00e9li Bart\u00f3ka 8\/25, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General and Vascular Surgery, St. John Paul II Mazovian Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Poniatowskiego Street 26, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"VIZJA University, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2025.09.012","article-title":"Human papillomavirus: An update","volume":"44","author":"Kohli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. 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