{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:11:53Z","timestamp":1789056713935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Liver transplantation (LT) is life-saving, yet its long-term impact on quality of life (QoL) remains complex and incompletely characterized. A standardized, transplant-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for routine use in European LT recipients is currently lacking. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional survey assessed QoL among 794 adult LT recipients across 22 European countries using a purpose-built, 48-item transplant-specific questionnaire developed within the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Patient Inclusion Initiative. The instrument has not undergone psychometric validation and was used as an exploratory research survey. Respondents were grouped by time since LT (0\u20135, 6\u201312, and \u226513 years). Group comparisons used chi-square tests with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction, followed by multivariable analyses adjusted for relevant sociodemographic factors. Results: Median time since LT was 6 years (IQR 3\u201312). After multiple-testing correction, alcohol consumption (q &lt; 0.001), feeling that life is worth living (q = 0.029), and changes in social life (q = 0.029) differed between groups. In multivariable analysis, only alcohol consumption remained independently associated with time since LT, with progressively higher odds at 6\u201312 years (aOR 4.18, 95% CI 2.56\u20136.82) and \u226513 years (aOR 7.09, 95% CI 4.27\u201311.77) compared with 0\u20135 years. Physical health, emotional functioning, sexual health, satisfaction with care and medication adherence did not differ between groups. Conclusions: This large European survey provides hypothesis-generating information on self-reported well-being after LT. Alcohol consumption was the only outcome independently associated with time since transplantation. These findings support prospective studies using psychometrically validated patient-reported measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15187027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:54:19Z","timestamp":1789055659000},"page":"7027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quality of Life After Liver Transplantation\u2014Results from a Large European Multinational Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Speranta","family":"Iacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9742-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pasquato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Transplant Games Federation, Winchester SO23 0LD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Zoulim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Germani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 Padova, 35125 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26386","article-title":"Superior long-term outcomes of adult living donor liver transplantation: A cumulative single-center cohort study with 20 years of follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Goto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14047","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14047","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation for hepatic malignancies in children","volume":"25","author":"Pire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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