{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:08:07Z","timestamp":1789470487429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Restricting anterior knee displacement is a common squat cue, but it redistributes rather than reduces mechanical demand, and comparative evidence is largely acute. This exploratory trial compared the short-term functional effects in healthy, active young adults. Methods: Sixty participants were randomized to unrestricted or restricted anterior knee displacement, or usual activity (three-arm, single-centre). Both exercise groups completed 18 remotely supervised bodyweight squat sessions over six weeks (720 repetitions; 100% session adherence among completers). The primary outcome was low-back-related disability (Oswestry Disability Index); 21 exploratory secondary outcomes covered pressure pain threshold, Y Balance Test reach, exertion, and jump flight time. Follow-up scores were compared by one-way analysis of variance, unadjusted for baseline, with post hoc ANCOVA sensitivity analyses as supplementary. Results: Fifty-seven of the 60 randomized participants completed the trial and were analysed (n = 19, 18, and 20). Follow-up Oswestry scores did not differ among groups, F(2,54) = 1.999, p = 0.145, \u03b72 = 0.069; the largest pairwise difference was \u22122.9 percentage points (95% CI \u22125.9 to 0.0). Baseline disability was minimal (floor effect). In the unadjusted analysis, only the left-hamstring pressure pain threshold reached p &lt; 0.05, not surviving multiplicity adjustment; baseline-adjusted sensitivity analyses left the primary result unchanged while strengthening several exercise-versus-control contrasts, two below the adjusted threshold\u2014all exploratory. Comparable changes occurred in the untreated control group. Conclusions: Within the conditions of this short-term bodyweight-squat intervention, restricting anterior knee displacement provided no detectable advantage, and no clinically important between-group difference. The trial was not an equivalence study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15187162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:32:01Z","timestamp":1789468321000},"page":"7162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unrestricted Versus Restricted Anterior Knee Displacement During Bodyweight Squat Training in Physically Active Young Adults: An Exploratory Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amirkiya","family":"Movahhedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Graduate School, Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir University, Istanbul 34734, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adem","family":"\u00c7al\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130stanbul Topkap\u0131 University, Istanbul 34087, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"\u015eevgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, Istanbul 34768, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bac2d7","article-title":"Squatting kinematics and kinetics and their application to exercise performance","volume":"24","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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