{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:10:25Z","timestamp":1790079025778,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Amiodarone and lidocaine are antiarrhythmic agents recommended for advanced cardiac life support in shockable ventricular arrhythmias during cardiac arrest, yet their comparative effectiveness in in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains uncertain. Methods: From 930 records identified in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Cochrane Library, 14 studies were included. Outcomes were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis in R with IHCA and OHCA subgroup analyses. Bayesian meta-analysis using the bayesmeta package assessed result credibility. Results: Amiodarone did not improve return of spontaneous circulation (R0SC) compared with lidocaine (Risk ratio (RR) 0.96, p = 0.40). In IHCA, amiodarone was associated with lower survival to hospital discharge (RR 0.88, p &lt; 0.0001), lower 24 h survival (RR 0.93, p &lt; 0.0001), worse neurological recovery (RR 0.83, p &lt; 0.0001), and longer arrest duration (Mean difference (MD) 7.46 min, p = 0.002). Termination of shockable rhythms favored lidocaine only after sensitivity analysis (RR 0.51, p = 0.02). In OHCA, amiodarone did not improve survival to discharge (RR 0.93, p = 0.44), while return of spontaneous circulation favored lidocaine after sensitivity analysis (RR 0.88, p = 0.002). No consistent benefit was observed across outcomes. Bayesian analysis showed overlapping credible intervals and low probabilities of benefit, indicating no clear superiority. Conclusions: No survival difference was observed between amiodarone and lidocaine arrest. Although lidocaine showed more favorable in-hospital outcomes, long-term survival was similar, suggesting agents may be selected based on availability and practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15187274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1790075375000},"page":"7274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Amiodarone Versus Lidocaine as Antiarrhythmic Therapy for Cardiac Arrest with Shockable Rhythms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Faizan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ 07753, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health and Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tooba","family":"Nihal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliha","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4038-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9877-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fnu","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2828-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor ul Ain","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7057-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haris Bin","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafsa Arshad Azam","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8931-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areej","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faseeh","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9672-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Rauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6993-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wania","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, St. George\u2019s University, St. George\u2019s P.O. Box 7, Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khush","family":"Dadhania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mobeen Zaka","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasar","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6836-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amro","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006","article-title":"Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies","volume":"81","author":"Berdowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.1696","article-title":"In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review","volume":"321","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.010","article-title":"European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Adult advanced life support","volume":"161","author":"Soar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916","article-title":"Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"142","author":"Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E740","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000613","article-title":"2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs During and Immediately After Cardiac Arrest: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"138","author":"Panchal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Florek, J.B., Lucas, A., and Girzadas, D. 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