{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:14:02Z","timestamp":1790079242006,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The clinical significance of isolated oligohydramnios at term may depend on the measurement method used. We assessed whether isolated oligohydramnios at term, defined by a single deepest vertical pocket (SDVP) below 2 cm, is associated with labor management, primary cesarean delivery, and short-term neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 328 singleton pregnancies delivered at 37 + 0 to 41 + 6 weeks at a tertiary center between January 2023 and May 2026. All 128 exposed pregnancies met SDVP &lt; 2 cm; 72 AFI-only cases with SDVP \u2265 2 cm were excluded from the primary analysis. The control group comprised 200 low-risk term pregnancies with SDVP \u2265 2 cm. Primary cesarean outcomes were evaluated among women without a previous cesarean delivery. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Labor induction was more frequent with SDVP-defined isolated oligohydramnios than with normal fluid (75.0% vs. 29.0%; p &lt; 0.001). Among induced women, admission Bishop score, labor duration, and failed-induction rate were similar (6.3% vs. 5.2%; p = 1.000). Overall cesarean delivery, including repeat procedures, occurred in 30.5% versus 19.0% (p = 0.017). Primary cesarean delivery occurred in 25.8% and 18.5% (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.94\u20132.99), whereas primary cesarean delivery for fetal distress was more frequent (14.2% vs. 5.6%; aOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.05\u20135.94). Composite neonatal morbidity did not differ significantly (12.5% vs. 9.0%; aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.61\u20132.78), nor did neonatal intensive care unit admission, cord pH, or neonatal death. Conclusions: At term, SDVP-defined isolated oligohydramnios was associated with more labor induction, a higher crude overall cesarean rate, and more primary cesarean delivery for fetal distress. No statistically significant adjusted association was detected for primary cesarean delivery or composite neonatal morbidity; the confidence intervals do not establish equivalence or exclude clinically important differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1790075375000},"page":"7338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Labor Management and Neonatal Outcomes in Term Isolated Oligohydramnios Defined by the Single Deepest Vertical Pocket: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9313-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emel","family":"\u00d6zalp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1881-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kubilay","family":"\u00c7anga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr Volkan","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"T\u00fcrkan","family":"Dikici Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"\u015eevki","family":"\u00c7elen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huri, M., Di Tommaso, M., and Seravalli, V. (2023). Amniotic Fluid Disorders: From Prenatal Management to Neonatal Outcomes. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030561"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2024). AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Standard Diagnostic Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations. J. Ultrasound Med., 43, E20\u2013E32.","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16406"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"353","article-title":"The Four-Quadrant Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume: An Adjunct to Antepartum Fetal Heart Rate Testing","volume":"70","author":"Rutherford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.10.018","article-title":"Amniotic Fluid Index versus Single Deepest Vertical Pocket: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"104","author":"Nabhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14924","article-title":"Single Deepest Vertical Pocket or Amniotic Fluid Index as Evaluation Test for Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (SAFE Trial): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"47","author":"Kehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2021). Indications for Outpatient Antenatal Fetal Surveillance: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 828. Obstet. Gynecol., 137, e177\u2013e197.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004407"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (2021). Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 831. Obstet. Gynecol., 138, e35\u2013e39.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004447"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000445948","article-title":"Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term as an Indication for Labor Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shrem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.03.011","article-title":"Perinatal Outcomes of Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term and Post-Term Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Literature with Meta-Analysis","volume":"169","author":"Rossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15929","article-title":"Oligohydramnios in Complicated and Uncomplicated Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Rabie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13498","article-title":"Perinatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Isolated Oligohydramnios Diagnosed with the Single Deepest Pocket Method","volume":"38","author":"Dammer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S508609","article-title":"A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study of Pregnancy Outcomes in Idiopathic Oligohydramnios at Term","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607255","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2025.2607255","article-title":"Does Severity of Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term Matter?","volume":"39","author":"Ganem","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/19345798251324453","article-title":"Association between Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term and Small for Gestational Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Salehi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neonatal Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.12.004","article-title":"Association between Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term and Placental Pathology in Correlation with Pregnancy Outcomes","volume":"90","author":"Miremberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (2013). Definition of Term Pregnancy: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 579. Obstet. Gynecol., 122, 1139\u20131140.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000437385.88715.4a"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies","volume":"147","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Academy of Pediatrics (2015). Committee Opinion No. 644: The Apgar Score. Obstet. Gynecol., 126, e52\u2013e55.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001108"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023061957","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061957","article-title":"Standards for Levels of Neonatal Care: II, III, and IV","volume":"151","author":"Stark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e078378","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378","article-title":"TRIPOD+AI Statement: Updated Guidance for Reporting Clinical Prediction Models That Use Regression or Machine Learning Methods","volume":"385","author":"Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m441","article-title":"Calculating the Sample Size Required for Developing a Clinical Prediction Model","volume":"368","author":"Riley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3292-7","article-title":"The Association between Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term and Pregnancy Outcome","volume":"290","author":"Ashwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"793","article-title":"Perinatal Outcomes with Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term Pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Ventoso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00060.x","article-title":"Isolated Oligohydramnios Is Not Associated with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seol, H.J., Kim, H.Y., Cho, G.J., and Oh, M.J. (2021). Hourly Fetal Urine Production Rate in Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250659"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1543654","article-title":"Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Induction of Labor in Oligohydramnios at Term: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Tahmina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.07.004","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 Induction of Labor and Cervical Ripening for Term Isolated Oligohydramnios in Pregnant Women with Bishop Score \u2264 5","volume":"80","author":"Dogan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050601127391","article-title":"Isolated Oligohydramnios in Term Pregnancy as an Indication for Induction of Labor","volume":"20","author":"Manzanares","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70393-5","article-title":"Perinatal Outcome and Amniotic Fluid Index in the Antepartum and Intrapartum Periods: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"181","author":"Chauhan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7338\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:37:22Z","timestamp":1790077042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15197338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15197338","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}}}