{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:02:53Z","timestamp":1790226173195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Immunovia, Inc."},{"name":"NCI","award":["U01 CA278923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA278923"]}]},{"name":"NCI","award":["U01 CA294548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA294548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Biomarkers that can facilitate early detection of pancreatic cancer and extend patient survival are a significant unmet need. PancreaSure is a serum biomarker signature that performed well at distinguishing Stage I and II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from both high-risk and non-high-risk controls in two previous validations. The goal of this study was to perform a secondary analysis of test performance exclusively in individuals at high risk of PDAC due to a pathogenic variant in a susceptibility gene or strong family history of the disease. To this end, we extracted and analyzed raw data from appropriate samples used in the prior validations. Methods: Data from the two prior validations were pooled at the participant level, and sensitivity and specificity were estimated as pooled proportions with exact binomial 95% confidence intervals. One-sided exact binomial tests were used to compare the performance of the PancreaSure test to the performance goals of 65% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Results: PancreaSure detected early-stage PDAC with 77.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 66.0\u201386.5) and 93.6% specificity (95% CI, 91.8\u201395.1), significantly outperforming predefined success criteria. Test performance was consistent between Stage I (80.0% sensitivity) and Stage II (75.6% sensitivity) PDAC cases. PancreaSure also demonstrated favorable performance in individuals with only genetic susceptibility to PDAC (84.8% sensitivity, 94.5% specificity), with only a family history of the disease (79.2% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity), and with high-penetrance variants. Conclusions: The performance demonstrated by PancreaSure in genetic\/familial high-risk individuals further suggests that it has the potential to facilitate early detection of PDAC in surveillance populations and warrants prospective evaluation as an adjunct to imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1790075375000},"page":"7355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The PancreaSure Multianalyte Blood Test Performs Well at Distinguishing Early-Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from High-Risk Controls: A Retrospective Secondary Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tamas","family":"Gonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Paiella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1558-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalie C.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, 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University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fay","family":"Kastrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Walter G.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2769-0491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Hedger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovia, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6207-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovia, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, 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