{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:08:40Z","timestamp":1790244520440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: BK virus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a severe complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for which no standard treatment exists. Intravesical platelet-rich plasma has been proposed, but recipients are profoundly thrombocytopenic, and an autologous product cannot be obtained. We report the outcome of an intravesical allogeneic platelet concentrate (allo-PC) prepared from irradiated single-donor apheresis platelets in patients refractory to all available treatment. Methods: Single-centre retrospective series of 14 consecutive patients with Grade 3\u20134 BKV-HC treated between January 2018 and June 2021, selected from 84 patients who developed haemorrhagic cystitis during this period. All had failed hyperhydration, forced diuresis, continuous bladder irrigation and cidofovir; 10 had undergone previous cystoscopic cauterisation, 10 had immunosuppression reduction, and 4 had hyperbaric oxygen, all without resolution. The median duration of haematuria before allo-PC was 45.5 days. The primary outcome was resolution of macroscopic haematuria; transfusion requirement, catheter removal and readmission were reported separately. Results: Macroscopic haematuria resolved in 12 of 14 patients (85.7%, 95% CI 60.1\u201396.0) after a median of 5.5 days (IQR 4.0\u201312.5). Seven patients (50.0%, 95% CI 26.8\u201373.2) met all secondary criteria. Product platelet concentration correlated inversely with time to resolution (rs = \u22120.917, 95% CI \u22120.977 to \u22120.725). Because a fixed 50 mL volume was given, the delivered dose varied 18-fold (0.30\u20135.62 \u00d7 109 platelets\/kg). Body weight also correlated with time to resolution (rs = +0.791), but in partial correlation the association with platelet concentration persisted after adjustment for weight (rs = \u22120.783, p = 0.004) and for age (rs = \u22120.827, p = 0.002), whereas the association with weight did not persist after adjustment for platelet concentration (rs = +0.292, p = 0.38). No procedure-related complication exceeded Clavien\u2013Dindo Grade I. Conclusions: In patients who had exhausted all available treatment, intravesical allo-PC was followed by resolution of haematuria in most cases. The association between product platelet content and time to resolution was not explained by body weight or age. These uncontrolled findings are hypothesis-generating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:07:54Z","timestamp":1790240874000},"page":"7407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravesical Allogeneic Platelet Concentrate for Refractory BK Virus-Associated Haemorrhagic Cystitis After Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6058-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Semih","family":"G\u00fcleser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan Sami","family":"G\u00f6ksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-669X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Do\u011fu\u015fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre and Cell Processing Unit, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7269-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Ece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atakan","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Istanbul Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131han","family":"Sezgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurg\u00fcl","family":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yurtta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zkan","family":"Onuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bar\u0131\u015f","family":"Malbora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Altunrende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa Hospital, Istanbul Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, 34010 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.235","article-title":"High burden of BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"49","author":"Gilis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"ECIL guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"73","author":"Cesaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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