{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:57:53Z","timestamp":1790618273797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Breast cancer management relies on multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions that integrate clinical, radiological, pathological, and patient-related factors. Large language models (LLMs) may support such decisions, but evidence based on real-world cases remains limited. Methods: We evaluated the agreement between ChatGPT-5.5 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) and real MDT management of patients with invasive breast cancer. In this single-center, retrospective, proof-of-concept study, standardized preoperative clinical vignettes for 86 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were independently evaluated by GPT-5.5 (frozen prompt, Medium reasoning mode, Web Search enabled). AI-generated recommendations were compared with the MDT reference standard across eight therapeutic domains (four surgical, four non-surgical), yielding 688 individual decisions. Agreement was summarized descriptively and with Cohen\u2019s \u03ba. Results: GPT-5.5 produced complete recommendations for all vignettes. Overall concordance was 90.8% (625\/688). Agreement was highest for endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy (100% each) and for axillary surgery (93.0%, \u03ba\u2009 = \u20090.86), and lowest for breast reconstruction (80.2%), oncoplastic surgery (82.6%) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (83.7%). Surgical concordance was 85.8% (295\/344). Discordances occurred predominantly in individualized surgical decisions; none were observed for endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. Conclusions: GPT-5.5 showed high overall concordance with real MDT decisions, particularly for guideline-driven systemic therapy, but was less reliable for individualized surgical planning. These findings should be regarded as exploratory and cannot be assumed to be generalizable across institutions or clinical settings. LLMs should complement, not replace, multidisciplinary expertise; prospective multicenter validation is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:50:54Z","timestamp":1790614254000},"page":"7533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large Language Models as Decision Support in Breast Cancer Management: A Comparison with Multidisciplinary Team Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1485-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George C\u0103lin","family":"Dindelegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"First Surgical Unit, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9 Yoshi Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Poupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6749-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Ionu\u021b","family":"Golea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"First Surgical Unit, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Radu Alexandru","family":"Ilie\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Matei George","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Simona Ioana","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Regina Maria Ponderas Academic Hospital, 014142 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gerald Gheorghe","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Regina Maria Ponderas Academic Hospital, 014142 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Eugeniu","family":"Darii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina Maria Hospital, 500091 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Iyad","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ovidius Clinical Hospital, 905900 Constan\u021ba, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Octav","family":"Ginghin\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Surgical Oncology Departament, Institute of Oncology \u201cAl Testioreanu\u201d, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Caziuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"First Surgical Unit, Cluj County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, July 13). 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