{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:53:52Z","timestamp":1791089632985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boston Scientific"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kjsjz16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Evidence on the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation using fast-acting subperception therapy (FAST-SCS) in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) remains limited. We evaluated clinical outcomes of FAST-SCS in patients with PSPS types 1 (i.e., non-surgical back pain) and 2 (i.e., failed back surgery syndrome). Methods: Our global, multicenter, retrospective, observational chart review included all consecutive adults with chronic low back and\/or leg pain due to PSPS who received SCS with a multimodal device and reported using FAST-SCS at their latest follow-up. Available data from the patients\u2019 medical files, documented by site personnel per their standard of care, were collected and analyzed. Pain intensity was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS); percent pain relief (PPR) was recorded where available. Main outcomes included changes in overall pain (NRS) compared to baseline, proportion of patients with \u226550% reduction in overall pain (NRS), proportion of patients with minimal pain (NRS \u2264 2), and high responder rates (PPR \u2265 80%). Data was analyzed for all PSPS patients at the last follow-up, with preliminary analysis of patients who completed 3-year assessments. Results in PSPS type 1 and 2 patients at the last follow-up are also presented. Results: In total, 424 patients (mean age 61.6 \u00b1 13.5 years; 57% female; 61% PSPS type 2) were included. Mean baseline NRS was 8.0 \u00b1 1.4. At the last follow-up (mean 1.6 \u00b1 1.5 years post-implantation), NRS decreased by 5.3 points to 2.7 \u00b1 2.3 (p &lt; 0.0001), 77% of patients achieved \u226550% reduction in pain, 56% reported minimal pain, and 62% were high responders. Similar improvements were observed in the preliminary analysis of 104 PSPS patients who completed the 3-year follow-up, with \u22655-point reduction in the NRS, 77% responder rate, 60% patients with minimal pain, and 70% high responders. The analysis of PSPS type 1 and 2 populations, adjusted for baseline NRS and follow-up durations, showed comparable outcomes. Conclusions: In this global, observational, \u201cas-treated\u201d cohort, favorable real-world outcomes were observed in PSPS patients using FAST-SCS, supporting its use as an effective treatment option in chronic spinal pain management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:10:48Z","timestamp":1790932248000},"page":"7640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fast-Acting Subperception Spinal Cord Stimulation for Persistent Spinal Pain Syndromes: Real-World Outcomes for up to 3 Years in an \u201cAs-Treated\u201d Cohort from a Global Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Clark","family":"Metzger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery Department, HCA Florida West Orthopedic Specialists, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery Department, HCA Florida West Orthopedic Specialists, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5813-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pain Management Department, Multidisciplinary Pain Management Services, Okemos, MI 48864, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9555-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Paz-Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kyriakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johanniter-Kliniken Hamm, 59063 Hamm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9432-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Rigoard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Spine and Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Gulve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Emilio","family":"Llopis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Hospital de la Ribera, 46600 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2596-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Love-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7681-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Willem","family":"Kallewaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Rijnstate Hospital, 6815 AD Arnhem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vesper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Pyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pain Management Department, Florida Pain Clinic, Ocala, FL 34471, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Bayerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inter Neuro, 10629 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384","article-title":"Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: The IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"160","author":"Treede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.013","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population","volume":"136","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Velzen, M., Dahan, A., and Niesters, M. 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