{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:13Z","timestamp":1792789693226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p4rzq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p4rzq96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Mental Health","award":["D43TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009343"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To estimate the incidence of clinically detected dental caries and gingivitis in a cohort of workers undergoing periodic occupational evaluations, and to describe crude demographic, clinical, behavioral, and occupational differences in these events. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cohort study with secondary analysis of occupational clinical records. We included 12,049 workers with at least two dental evaluations separated by a minimum of one year. Incidence rates were estimated per 1000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Crude hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using univariate Cox models as descriptive time-to-event contrasts. Continuous variables were analyzed in 5-unit increments, and age- and sex-standardized rates were estimated in supplementary analyses. Results: After correcting person-time to person-years, the incidence of caries was 14.86 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 13.55\u201316.27), and the incidence of gingivitis was 4.67 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 3.95\u20135.49). Male workers showed higher observed incidence of caries than female workers (crude HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.32\u20132.48). Manual\/physical workers also showed higher observed incidence of caries than office\/administrative workers, whereas occupational differences in gingivitis were smaller after age and sex standardization. A graded descriptive pattern was observed with years of occupational exposure, with crude HRs of 3.61 for caries and 3.11 for gingivitis among workers with \u226510 years of exposure compared with those with &lt;1 year. Baseline glucose showed a positive crude time-to-event contrast with caries (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.06), and systolic blood pressure showed a positive crude time-to-event contrast with gingivitis (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.13). Conclusions: Incident clinically detected caries and gingivitis were uncommon but showed crude differences across sex, occupational category, job tenure, and selected cardiometabolic markers. These findings may inform preventive attention and referral strategies in occupational dental surveillance, although the crude estimates should not be interpreted as causal effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:21:49Z","timestamp":1790940109000},"page":"7650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and Demographic, Clinical, and Occupational Patterns of Dental Caries and Gingivitis in Workers: A Retrospective Descriptive Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fiorella E.","family":"Zuzunaga-Montoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Lima 15306, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7070-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhosmer","family":"Ballena-Caicedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina (FAMED), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodr\u00edguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 01001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen In\u00e9s","family":"Gutierrez De Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina (FAMED), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodr\u00edguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 01001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor Juan","family":"Vera-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina (FAMED), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodr\u00edguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 01001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Rivera-Lozada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Olger E.","family":"Bernal-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"},{"name":"EpiHealth Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Lima 15001, Peru"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica de Estudiantes de Medicina, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mario J.","family":"Valladares-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"},{"name":"Oficina de Inteligencia Sanitaria, Red Prestacional Lambayeque, EsSalud, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, November 04). 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Heart J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7650\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:54:08Z","timestamp":1791597248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15197650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15197650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]}}}