{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:54:58Z","timestamp":1791201298325,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Blunt chest trauma is common, but reported management practices may differ across clinical settings. This international cross-sectional survey evaluated self-reported practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of blunt chest trauma. Methods: We distributed a self-administered web-based questionnaire to healthcare professionals involved in chest trauma care between November 2024 and August 2025. Responses were analyzed descriptively, and exploratory comparisons were performed between Italian respondents and respondents from other participating countries. Results: A total of 509 responses were included, comprising 225 Italian and 284 international respondents. Within the participating sample, differences between Italian respondents and respondents from other participating countries were observed in institutional protocol availability, diagnostic imaging choices, pain management organization, adjunctive therapies, and factors guiding rib-fracture management. Greater consistency was observed in chest tube placement and escalation of respiratory support. Conclusions: Substantial heterogeneity in self-reported blunt chest trauma management was observed among participating clinicians, particularly regarding institutional protocols, diagnostic strategies, pain management, adjunctive therapies, and rib-fracture management. Greater consistency was observed in core interventions such as chest tube placement and escalation of respiratory support. Given the voluntary sampling strategy and unequal geographic representation, these findings should be interpreted as patterns within the participating sample rather than as representative estimates of national or global practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1791197866000},"page":"7668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterogeneity in Self-Reported Management of Blunt Chest Trauma: An International Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0838-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cimino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20141 Milan, 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hospital","volume":"52","author":"Battle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/s1010-7940(02)00813-8","article-title":"Chest injury due to blunt trauma","volume":"23","author":"Liman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.01.004","article-title":"Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Battle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-022-01058-6","article-title":"Thoracic injuries in trauma patients: Epidemiology and its influence on mortality","volume":"30","author":"Lundin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002559","article-title":"A multicenter, prospective, controlled clinical trial of surgical stabilization of rib fractures in patients with severe, nonflail fracture patterns (Chest Wall Injury Society NONFLAIL)","volume":"88","author":"Pieracci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.02.055","article-title":"Surgical rib fixation of multiple rib fractures and flail chest: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"Sawyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.03.037","article-title":"Development of a blunt chest injury care bundle: An integrative review","volume":"49","author":"Kourouche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis, K., Kourouche, S., Asha, S., Considine, J., Fry, M., Middleton, S., Mitchell, R., Munroe, B., Shaban, R.Z., and D\u2019Amato, A. (2021). Impact of a care bundle for patients with blunt chest injury (ChIP): A multicentre controlled implementation evaluation. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256027"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.014","article-title":"Quality of life after major trauma with multiple rib fractures","volume":"46","author":"Marasco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e049292","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049292","article-title":"Prospective observational study to examine health-related quality of life and develop models to predict long-term patient-reported outcomes 6 months after hospital discharge with blunt thoracic injuries","volume":"11","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-576","article-title":"Patient reported outcomes in thoracic trauma\u2014Lesson learned from thoracic oncology","volume":"15","author":"Gooseman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. 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Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2025.109666","article-title":"The value of bronchodilators in patients with posttraumatic rib fractures (RIB-Inhalation): A multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"187","author":"Verhofstad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.21037\/ccts-25-18","article-title":"Contemporary management of pulmonary contusions: A narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Chau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Chall. Thorac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7668\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:10:33Z","timestamp":1791198633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15197668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15197668","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]}}}