{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:55:36Z","timestamp":1791201336086,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In children with residual obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) despite combined adenotonsillectomy (TA) and semi-rapid maxillary expansion (SRME), the optimal further management remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of a 12-month programme of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMFT) on residual OSA in this population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 80 children (aged 7\u20139 years) with polysomnography-confirmed residual OSA (respiratory disturbance index [RDI] \u2265 1 event\/h) after combined TA and SRME were followed for 12 months. Forty-one children completed a 12-month course of OMFT, and 39 did not, due to compliance concerns, cost\/access barriers, or parental preference. RDI at 12-month follow-up (RDIfinal) was compared between groups by t-test and by a covariate-adjusted general linear model. Results: Mean baseline RDI did not differ between groups (p = 0.21). At follow-up, mean RDIfinal was 0.49 events\/hour in the OMT group versus 5.26 in controls (p &lt; 0.001; Cohen\u2019s d = 3.64), a difference that persisted after adjustment for treatment order, sex, age, race, and BMI (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: A 12-month OMT programme was associated with near-normal respiratory indices in children with residual OSA after combined TA and SRME, while untreated residual OSA showed mild deterioration. Given the non-randomised design, this should be interpreted as a strong association rather than a confirmed causal effect, and a randomised trial is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1791197866000},"page":"7676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy to Treat Residual Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children Treated with Adenotonsillectomy and Maxillary Expansion: An Interventional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8382-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Mahony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64\u201366., 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Research Faculty, Excellence in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (EODO), Haberfield, NSW 2045, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0032-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niroj","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Faculty, Excellence in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (EODO), Haberfield, NSW 2045, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Petocz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Research Academy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Borb\u00e9ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64\u201366., 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztina","family":"K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64\u201366., 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7180\/kmj.24.120","article-title":"Treatment of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea","volume":"39","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kosin Med. 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