{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:56:10Z","timestamp":1791201370723,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2026-3-2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-3-2096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Visual outcomes after unilateral congenital cataract (UCC) extraction remain variable, and the neuroanatomical changes accompanying subsequent visual improvement are poorly understood. This study characterized longitudinal changes in visual function and explored hemispheric asymmetry, longitudinal neuroimaging changes, and their associations with visual recovery in children after UCC extraction. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 55 children aged 5 to &lt;9 years with unilateral deprivation amblyopia receiving optical correction, passive occlusion, and dichoptic training. We analyzed 6-month changes in central visual field (CVF; mean sensitivity [MS], mean defect [MD]) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). To assess structural alterations along the posterior visual pathways, a strictly controlled, exploratory subgroup of 18 right-handed patients (aged 5 to &lt;8 years) with left-eye amblyopia underwent 3-Tesla (3T) MRI. Multiple comparisons in the neuroimaging and structure\u2013function analyses were controlled using the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. Results: At 6 months, CDVA and CVF improved significantly from baseline across all amblyopia severity groups (all p &lt; 0.05). Greater CDVA improvement was associated with larger increases in MS (\u03b2 = 3.36, 95% CI, 1.37 to 5.35; p = 0.001) and greater reductions in MD (\u03b2 = \u22122.80, 95% CI, \u22124.82 to \u22120.79; p = 0.007). Exploratory longitudinal neuroimaging analyses showed decreases in ipsilateral secondary visual cortex (V2) volume (Cohen\u2019s d = \u22120.75, PFDR = 0.042) and cortical thickness (Cohen\u2019s d = \u22120.77, PFDR = 0.042). Interhemispheric differences in V2 and middle temporal visual area (MT) cortical thickness were also observed at the 6-month follow-up (all |Cohen\u2019s d| &gt; 0.75, PFDR &lt; 0.05). Nominal structure\u2013function associations were observed for CVF and CDVA changes (all |r| &gt; 0.54, all p &lt; 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Children with unilateral deprivation amblyopia following UCC extraction showed improvements in CDVA and CVF over 6 months of routine care. CVF perimetry may provide complementary functional information during longitudinal assessment. Exploratory neuroimaging findings suggested potentially distinct structural correlates of CDVA and CVF recovery, requiring validation in larger controlled longitudinal studies to clarify the clinical significance of CVF and its associated neuroimaging changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15197696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1791197866000},"page":"7696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Visual Recovery and Exploratory Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Deprivation Amblyopia Following Unilateral Congenital Cataract Extraction: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhua","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702845","article-title":"Advances in the management of congenital and infantile cataract","volume":"21","author":"Lloyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2023.08.001","article-title":"What we have learned from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: The 49th annual Frank D. Costenbader lecture","volume":"27","author":"Lambert","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16591","article-title":"Analysis of age at detection and outcomes of dense unilateral congenital cataract surgery for children on the paediatric cataract register","volume":"112","author":"Wackerberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0006","article-title":"Infant Aphakia Treatment Study Group. Long-term effect of intraocular lens vs. contact lens correction on visual acuity after cataract surgery during infancy: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Lambert","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-328170","article-title":"Structural MRI alterations in children with form-deprivation amblyopia: A propensity score-matched case-control study","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2207025120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207025120","article-title":"White matter plasticity following cataract surgery in congenitally blind patients","volume":"120","author":"Pedersini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.04.016","article-title":"Experience-dependent plasticity in the lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"53","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24494","article-title":"Long-term histological changes in the macaque primary visual cortex and the lateral geniculate nucleus after monocular deprivation produced by early restricted retinal lesions and diffuser-induced form deprivation","volume":"526","author":"Takahata","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.11.1","article-title":"Early visual deprivation impairs functional development of the visual ventral stream","volume":"64","author":"Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302218","article-title":"Grey and white matter changes in children with monocular amblyopia: Voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, J., Wang, W., Li, J., Wang, Y., Hu, X., Feng, L., Ye, Q., Luo, Y., Zhu, Z., and Li, J. (2022). Effects of perceptual learning on deprivation amblyopia in children with limbal dermoid: A randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071879"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13395","article-title":"Randomised trial of three treatments for amblyopia: Vision therapy and patching, perceptual learning and patching alone","volume":"45","author":"Serrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06475-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation of amblyopia using a digital platform for visual training combined with patching in children: A prospective study","volume":"262","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Benito, M., Amigo-Gamero, R., Calder\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez, T., Cardona-P\u00e9rez, J.C., Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez, S., and Portela-Camino, J.A. (2026). Combined occlusion therapy and home-based perceptual learning in children with persistent amblyopia: A longitudinal case series. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051817"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.11.001","article-title":"Amblyopia and binocular vision","volume":"33","author":"Birch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101307","article-title":"Standard automated perimetry for glaucoma and diseases of the retina and visual pathways: Current and future perspectives","volume":"104","author":"Phu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)90327-0","article-title":"Automated perimetry in amblyopia: A generalized depression","volume":"127","author":"Donahue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01922-4","article-title":"Development of a postoperative visual function rehabilitation compliance assessment scale for children with congenital cataract: A reliability and validity study","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21763-3","article-title":"Predicting motor rehabilitation outcomes in children with low vision: A nomogram-based study","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4434","article-title":"The functional significance of stereopsis","volume":"51","author":"Birch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorrami-Nejad, M., Aliyari, R., Nouraeinejad, A., Heirani, M., Emamian, M.H., Hashemi, H., and Fotouhi, A. (2025). Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia. BMC Ophthalmol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-03895-2"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670517696965","article-title":"NPS and online WOM: Investigating the relationship between customers\u2019 promoter scores and eWOM behavior","volume":"20","author":"Raassens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118465","article-title":"Diffusion MRI of the infant brain reveals unique asymmetry patterns during the first-half-year of development","volume":"242","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.021","article-title":"Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS): Fast, fully automated segmentation of thalamic nuclei from structural MRI","volume":"194","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.020","article-title":"CureSight Pivotal Trial Group. An eye-tracking-based dichoptic home treatment for amblyopia: A multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"130","author":"Kushner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5278","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5278","article-title":"Sample size calculations: Should the emperor\u2019s clothes be off the peg or made to measure?","volume":"345","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314947","article-title":"Ophthalmic statistics note 14: Method agreement studies in ophthalmology: The intraclass correlation coefficient?","volume":"104","author":"Bunce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100372","article-title":"Magnitude of visual acuity change with ETDRS versus Snellen testing in clinical trials: Implications for clinic-based outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Salabati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.043","article-title":"Optical treatment of strabismic and combined strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia","volume":"119","author":"Cotter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-02010-x","article-title":"Postoperative amblyopia in children with congenital cataracts: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Hailaiti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3730","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1558","article-title":"Resolution visual fields in children surgically treated for bilateral congenital cataract","volume":"49","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13449","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of paediatric visual field tests: A systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Riaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02893-3","article-title":"Extended optical treatment versus early patching with an intensive patching regimen in children with amblyopia in Europe (EuPatch): A multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"403","author":"Proudlock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.6","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity in successfully treated refractive amblyopia","volume":"63","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2023.100484","article-title":"Impact of active vision therapy compared to conventional patching therapy on visual acuity and stereoacuity in children with amblyopia","volume":"17","author":"Suwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.105960","article-title":"Temporal synchronization elicits enhancement of binocular vision functions","volume":"26","author":"Farah","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231187426","article-title":"Harnessing brain plasticity to improve binocular vision in amblyopia: An evidence-based update","volume":"34","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leisman, G. (2022). On the application of developmental cognitive neuroscience in educational environments. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12111501"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84685","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84685","article-title":"Tracing the development and lifespan change of population-level structural asymmetry in the cerebral cortex","volume":"12","author":"Roe","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26754","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26754","article-title":"Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries during neurodevelopment: Associations with age and sex in 4265 children and adolescents","volume":"45","author":"Kurth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"346","article-title":"Comparative study on the development of optic radiation in children with anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia based on diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Recent Adv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, M., Xiao, H., Xie, B., Yin, X., Wang, J., and Yang, H. (2019). Morphologic changes in the visual cortex of patients with anisometropic amblyopia: A surface-based morphometry study. BMC Neurosci., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-019-0524-6"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.017","article-title":"Changes in white matter microstructure in the developing brain\u2014A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study of children from 4 to 11 years of age","volume":"124","author":"Krogsrud","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10937","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5302-10.2011","article-title":"Longitudinal development of human brain wiring continues from childhood into adulthood","volume":"31","author":"Lebel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.111832","article-title":"Altered properties of dynamic functional connectivity and cortical volume of visual cortex after treatment in children with anisometropic amblyopia","volume":"238","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.7656","article-title":"Prevalence and nature of early glaucomatous defects in the central 10\u00b0 of the visual field","volume":"132","author":"Traynis","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7696\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:12:54Z","timestamp":1791198774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/19\/7696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15197696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15197696","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]}}}