{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:14:00Z","timestamp":1780380840951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Behcet\u2019s disease (BD) is a chronic systemic autoinflammatory vasculitis which is handled by the variety of proteins like cytokines. Therefore, cytokines are considered as one of the prototypic factors during inflammatory responses of BD. Consequently, the present study was designed for evaluation of cytokine profiles in Iranian BD cases, including those with and without uveitis. Materials and Method: All cases were divided into three groups based on ophthalmologic exam results: BD with uveitis, BD without uveitis, and recovered uveitis BD. Cases with a history of BD recovery were placed in the group of recovered uveitis. The patients with infectious uveitis as well as other collagen vascular diseases and patients who have used biologics to treat ocular immune-mediated diseases were excluded. Finally, after venous blood sampling, levels of cytokines were quantified and statistical approaches were performed for measurements. Results: Enrolled cases were divided to 26 patients with active uveitis, 25 patients with recovered uveitis and 24 patients without uveitis and interestingly, just IL-2 was the only cytokine that showed statistical difference in patients with BD uveitis in comparison with other groups (pvalue = 0.02). The pair wise comparison showed a significant difference between the patients with and without uveitis groups (pvalue = 0.004) as well as patients with uveitis and recovered uveitis groups (pvalue = 0.002). Discussion: Significant elevation of IL-2 in patients with uveitis (in comparison with recovered or without uveitis cases) demonstrates that it may be one of the main proteins that enroll in the pathophysiology of BD uveitis and may be considered as a new target for refractory disease therapies. Studies with larger samples can help to obtain more accurate conclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6050049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T11:37:20Z","timestamp":1493725040000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Serum Profiles of Cytokines in Behcet\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4515613191, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereydoun","family":"Davatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 3439123900, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Shahram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 3439123900, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Karimimoghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4515613191, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Alikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4515613191, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiyoub","family":"Pezeshgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4515613191, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeideh","family":"Mazloomzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 7797845157, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Sadeghi-Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 3439123900, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Asadi-Khiavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12107","article-title":"The International Criteria for Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease (ICBD): A collaborative study of 27 countries on the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria","volume":"28","author":"Davatchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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