{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:28:21Z","timestamp":1791325701743,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metformin is increasingly being used a therapeutic option for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to compare the maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of women with GDM treated with metformin (with or without supplemental insulin) with those receiving other management approaches. A retrospective, case-control study was carried out and 83 women taking metformin were matched 1:1 with women receiving insulin or diet and lifestyle modification alone. Women managed with diet and lifestyle modification had a significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (p &lt; 0.001) and HbA1c (p &lt; 0.01) at diagnosis of GDM. Furthermore, women managed with metformin had a higher early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) compared to those receiving insulin or diet and lifestyle modification (p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in mode of delivery, birth weight or incidence of large- or small-for-gestational-age neonates between groups. Women receiving glucose lowering therapies had a higher rate of neonatal hypoglycaemia (p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of other adverse perinatal outcomes was similar between groups. Despite their greater BMI, women with metformin-treated GDM did not have an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Metformin is a useful alternative to insulin in the management of GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7030050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T12:17:41Z","timestamp":1520597861000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Outcomes for Women with Gestational Diabetes Treated with Metformin: A Retrospective, Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3453-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"McGrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Level 3, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Glastras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Level 3, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Level 3, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Level 3, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Boden Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Fulcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Level 3, Acute Services Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12447","article-title":"The prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in Australia","volume":"56","author":"Moses","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. 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