{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:09:40Z","timestamp":1787688580884,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical terminal enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway. BTK activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain B-cell malignancies. Targeting this pathway has emerged as a novel target in B-cell malignancies, of which ibrutinib is the first-in-class agent. A few other BTK inhibitors (BTKi) are also under development (e.g., acalabrutinib). While the predominant action of BTKi is the blockade of B-cell receptor pathway within malignant B-cells, increasing the knowledge of off-target effects as well as a potential role for B-cells in proliferation of solid malignancies is expanding the indication of BTKi into non-hematological malignancies. In addition to the expansion of the role of BTKi monotherapy, combination therapy strategies utilizing ibrutinib with established regimens and combination with modern immunotherapy compounds are being explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7040062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T05:14:55Z","timestamp":1521695695000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Novel Indications for Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, beyond Hematological Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Bendigo Cancer Centre, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Northern Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Haematology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health, Monash University Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00741.x","article-title":"Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase (BTK): Function, regulation, and transformation with special emphasis on the pH domain","volume":"228","author":"Mohamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. 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