{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:00:06Z","timestamp":1790420406393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]],"date-time":"2018-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is a rare disorder characterized by axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery (PHCA) compression within the quadrilateral space. Impingement is most frequently due to trauma, fibrous bands, or hypertrophy of one of the muscular borders. Diagnosis can be complicated by the presence of concurrent traumatic injuries, particularly in athletes. Since many other conditions can mimic QSS, it is often a diagnosis of exclusion. Conservative treatment is often first trialed, including physical exercise modification, physical therapy, and therapeutic massage. In patients unrelieved by conservative measures, surgical decompression of the quadrilateral space may be indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7040086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T04:44:48Z","timestamp":1524545088000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Quadrilateral Space Syndrome: Diagnosis and Clinical Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Patrick T.","family":"Hangge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Albadawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Grace","family":"Knuttinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sailendra G.","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmi","family":"Oklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery, Minimally Invasive Therapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Quadrilateral space syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chin. 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