{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:31:56Z","timestamp":1773095516664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307023\/2015-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307023\/2015-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Glomerulopathy is a group of diseases that affect mainly young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Recently, it has been demonstrated that syndecan-1, a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx damage, is increased in nephrotic patients with near-normal renal function and it is important to endothelial dysfunction in these patients. Angiopoietin-2 (AGPT2) is an endothelial growth factor that promotes cell derangement. Here we evaluated AGPT2 levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome, near-normal renal function and the possible interaction of AGPT2 with endothelial glycocalyx derangement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed from January through November 2017. Adult patients (age &gt; 18 years) with nephrotic syndrome and without immunosuppression were included. Blood samples were drawn after a 12 h fast for later measurement of syndecan-1 and AGPT2. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the hypothesized associations of nephrotic syndrome features and AGPT2 with syndecan-1. Results: We included 65 patients, 37 (56.9%) of them female, with primary glomerular disease. Syndecan-1 in nephrotic patients was higher than in control individuals (102.8 \u00b1 36.2 vs. 28.2 \u00b1 9.8 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001). Correlation of syndecan-1 with the main features of nephrotic syndrome after adjustment for age and estmmated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) demonstrated that syndecan-1 was significantly associated with 24-h urinary protein excretion, total cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Angiopoietin-2 was independently associated with serum albumin, 24 h urinary protein excretion, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, in addition to being strongly associated with syndecan-1 (0.461, p &lt; 0.001). The results of the mediation analyses showed that the direct association between LDL-cholesterol and syndecan-1 was no longer significant after AGPT-2 was included in the mediation analysis. AGPT2 explained 56% of the total observed association between LDL-cholesterol and syndecan-1. Conclusion: The association between LDL-cholesterol and glycocalyx derangement in nephrotic patients is possibly mediated by AGPT2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7110401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T11:55:41Z","timestamp":1540986941000},"page":"401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Angiopoietin-2: A Potential Mediator of the Glycocalyx Injury in Adult Nephrotic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maria Moura Santana","family":"Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2013UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus de Souza","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Course, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2014UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian Pinho","family":"Schwermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Course, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2014UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Course, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2014UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina Freitas","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Course, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2014UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Thiago Santos","family":"Salmito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Christus, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gdayllon Cavalcante","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60811-905, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Maria Costa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2013UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Braga","family":"Lib\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2013UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical Course, Universidade de Fortaleza\u2014UNIFOR, Fortaleza 60811-905, Ceara, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (2018, September 20). 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