{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:14:04Z","timestamp":1789704844213,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University","award":["CMRPG8F0411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8F0411"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University","award":["CMRPG8F0412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8F0412"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study tested the hypothesis that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy enhanced the circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), soluble angiogenesis factors, and blood flow in ischemic areas in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Methods: In total, 57 consecutive patients with PAOD undergoing the HBO therapy (3 atmospheres (atm) for 2 h each time) were prospectively enrolled into the present study. Venous blood sampling was performed to assess the circulating levels of EPCs and soluble angiogenesis factors prior to and during five sessions of HBO therapy. Additionally, skin perfusion pressure (SPP), an indicator of blood flow in ischemic areas, was measured by moorVMS-PRES. Results: The results demonstrated that the circulating levels of EPCs (cluster of differentiation (CD)34+\/CD133+\/CD45dim, CD31+\/CD133+\/CD45dim, CD34+) and soluble angiogenesis factors\u2014vascular endothelial growth factor\/stromal cell-derived factor 1\/hepatocyte growth factor\/fibroblast growth factor (VEGF\/SDF-1\u03b1\/HGF\/FGF) were significantly increased post-HBO therapy as compared to pre-HBO therapy (all p &lt; 0.01). Additionally, Matrigel assay showed that the angiogenesis was significantly increased in post-HBO therapy as compared to prior to therapy (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, SPP was significantly increased in the ischemic area (i.e., plantar foot and mean SPP of the ischemic foot) in post-HBO therapy as compared to pre-HBO therapy (all p &lt; 0.01). Importantly, the HBO therapy did appear to result in complications, and all the patients were uneventfully discharged without amputation. Conclusions: HBO therapy augmented circulating levels of EPCs and angiogenesis factors, and improved the blood flow in the ischemic area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T12:11:08Z","timestamp":1544789468000},"page":"548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Enhanced Circulating Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Angiogenesis Biomarkers, Blood Flow, in Ischemic Areas in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Pao-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-9752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Hsun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Ying","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Ling","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiunn-Jye","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Kai","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-2825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-1704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Re-Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hon-Kan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.8359","article-title":"Risk assessment for cardiovascular disease with nontraditional risk factors: US preventive services task force recommendation 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